The Mughal Empire had a highly centralised, bureaucratic government, most of which was instituted during the rule of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. The central government was headed by the Mughal emperor; immediately beneath him were four ministries..
What religion and society did the Mughal Empire have?
The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty who ruled over a majority Hindu population. By 1750, they had dominated much of South Asia for several centuries. Muslims were already living in India when the Mughals first arrived. During Mughal rule, Muslims averaged only about 15 percent of the population..
Which countries were under Mughal Empire?
Aurangzeb expanded the empire to include a huge part of South Asia. At its peak, the kingdom stretched to 3.2 million square kilometres, including parts of what are now India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh..
The Mughal Emperors established a centralised State based on military power. It rested on two pillars-the absolute authority and the strength of the army. Persian was the language of administration. In order to achieve efficiency in administration, the kingdom was divided into provinces, districts and cities.
The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. By the death of Akbar, the third Mughal ruler, the Mughal Empire extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal and southward to what is now Gujarat state and the northern Deccan region of India.
The Mughal society was like a pyramid on the top of which was the emperor and the nobility followed by the middle class whom was a very minute population and the last and most heavily concentrated was the poor class.
Who were the beneficiaries of the Mughal Empire?
Followed by the Mughal king was the class of nobility who were the bearers of most important jobs of the state and usually they monopolized the important ranks for themselves
The nobility was the most beneficiary class of the state
They enjoyed privileges and led an extravagant life
The dynamics of the Mughal Empire’s social structure fell in between that of a feudal system and a centralized system. It can be broken down in to four distinct groups that, just like most cultures, seemed to depend on wealth as the deciding factor of social class. Members of the Mughal population could move to a higher social class; however, this was extremely difficult, especially for those at the lowest echelons of society.
The Mughal society was like a pyramid on the top of which was the emperor and the nobility followed by the middle class whom was a very minute population and the last and most heavily concentrated was the poor class. The emperor though not belonging to the local community enjoyed the power of a despot with an unparallel status among the others.The social structure during the Mughal rule had segregation of classes, and each class had its own way of living life. The Mughals were ardent lovers of art and culture which is quite evident from their rich architecture and unique calligraphic inscriptions.
Society under mughals
Armed forces of the Mughal Empire
The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar.
Economy of the Mughal Empire
The economy of the Mughal Empire was large and prosperous. India producing about 28% of the world's industrial output up until the 18th century. Mughal India's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization, like that of 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Flags of the Mughal Empire
Banners and standards of the South Asian early modern empire
The Mughal Empire had a number of imperial flags and standards. The principal imperial standard of the Mughals was known as the alam. It was primarily moss green. It displayed a lion and sun facing the hoist of the flag. The Mughals traced their use of the alam back to Timur.
1526–1752 wars between the Mughal Empire and Afghans
The Afghan-Mughal wars were a series of wars that took place during the 16th and 18th centuries between the Mughal Empire of India and different Afghan tribes and kingdoms.
Mughal artillery included a variety of cannons, rockets, and mines employed by the Mughal Empire. This gunpowder technology played an important role in the formation and expansion of the empire. In the opening lines of Abul Fazl's famous text Ain-i-Akbari, he claims that except for the Mediterranean/Ottoman territories (Rumistan), in no other place was gunpowder artillery available in such abundance as in the Mughal Empire. Thereby subtly referring to the superiority of the empire's artillery over the Safavids and Shaibanids. During the reign of the first three Timurid rulers of India—Babur, Humayun, and Akbar—gunpowder artillery had emerged as an important equipage of war, contributing significantly to the establishment of a highly centralized state structure under Akbar and to the consolidation of Mughal rule in the conquered territories.
The Mughal emperors were the supreme monarchs of the Mughal Empire
Monarchs of the Mughal Empire
The Mughal emperors were the supreme monarchs of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled themselves as Badshah or Shahanshah, a title usually translated from Persian as emperor. They began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by 1707, ruled most of the sub-continent. After that they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the Indian Rebellion.
