The pancreas is a gland, about six inches long, located in the abdomen.
It is shaped like a flat pear and is surrounded by the stomach, small intestine, liver, spleen and gallbladder.
The wide end of the pancreas on the right side of the body is called the head.
The middle sections are the neck and body..
CT and MR provide an excellent spatial resolution of the pancreatic anatomy and are the modalities of choice when considering the pancreas.
EUS-FNA is highly specific and valuable in diagnosing pancreatic cystic lesions..
US-FNA is a safe, effective and efficient diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatic mass lesions, Cytopathological specimens, and more recently core biopsies, may be obtained with high sensitivity (75%-98%), specificity (71%- 100%), positive predictive value (96%-100%), negative predictive value (33%-85%) and .
In cytology, the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms is based mainly on morphological evaluation of the tumor cells; however, background features such as the presence of necrosis or mucin also provide important information to assist with the diagnosis.Mar 23, 2022.
Pseudocysts are the most common pancreatic nonneoplastic cystic lesions.
Pseudocyst is defined as a collection of amylase-rich fluid that contains debris, blood, and inflammatory cells, and is surrounded by a fibrous wall with no epithelial lining..
CT scans of the pancreas can provide more detailed information about the pancreas than standard X-rays of the abdomen, thus providing more information related to injuries and/or diseases of the pancreas..
Ductal adenocarcinoma comprises between 80% and 90% of all tumors of the exocrine pancreas.
Ductal adenocarcinoma usually presents as a solid mass with infiltrating growth margins.
US typically shows a hypoechoic lesion (Fig..
For pancreatic cysts, the configuration of the cyst is vital, eg, borders, loculations, wall thickness, mural nodules or masses, and so forth.
Clinical suspicion of neuroendocrine tumor or lymphoma should be indicated, because tissue for the proper evaluation of these neoplasms requires special handling.
Similar to the National Cancer Institute recommendations for aspiration cytology of the thyroid, the PSC guidelines for pancreaticobiliary cytology addresses indications, techniques, terminology and nomenclature, ancillary studies, and postprocedure management.
To better stratify cystic mucinous and intraductal neoplasia by cytologic grade, the neoplastic category was renamed pancreatic neoplasm and has been subdivided into pancreatic neoplasm–low - grade/low - risk and pancreatic neoplasm–high - grade/high-risk.
Pancreatic IOPN and ITPN now fall in the pancreatic neoplasia–high-grade/high-risk category.
The morphology of the cells is nonspecific and may represent low grade dysplasia or gastric contamination.
No high grade atypia is identified and no necrosis is present ( Pitman:
