Page 1. bar psi. kPa/MPa. Kg/cm2. Mbar. 0.025. 0.363. 2.5 kPa. 0.025. 25. 0.04. 0.58 5. 72.516. 500 kPa. 5.098. 5000. 6. 87.020. 600 kPa. 6.117. 6000.
pdf pressure card
(a) the specific volume at T = 240°C p = 1.25 MPa
ThermoHmwk Soln
15 kg/min. (3 MW). CGH2. 40 g/L. 69-65 g/L. 1
compressed hydrogen brunner
December 1 2000. J. Murthy. 11.4 A steam power plant operating in an ideal Rankine cycle has a high pressure of 5. MPa and a low pressure of 15 kPa.
as sol
Table 1. Saturation (Temperature) (continued). 5 t °C p
NISTIR Tab
Nov 9 2000 1. 2 s = C. 8.29 A mass and atmosphere loaded piston/cylinder contains 2 kg of water at 5 MPa
extra sol
5. Saturated liquid exits the open feedwater heater and saturated liquid exits State 5: Ps= P2 = 1 MPa (10 bar)
HW
5–7 Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m until the density in the tank rises to 7.20 kg/m ... steadily at 1 MPa and 500°C with a mass flow rate.
sheet solution
equivalent (200 bar 20 MPa
ms
5-45 A number of brass balls are to be quenched in a water bath at a specified rate. kJ/kg. 3240.9. /kg m. 0.02975. C. 450. MPa. 10. 1. 3. 1. 1. 1.
SOLUTIONS HOMEWORKS F
212101
Cryo-compressedHydrogen Storage.
Tobias Brunner
February15th, 2011, Washington D.C.
BMW Hydrogen.
Hydrogen Storage Workshop.
BMW EfficientDynamics
Lessemissions. More drivingpleasure.
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 2BMW Hydrogen Technology Strategy.
Advancement of key components.
Source: BMW
Advanced key components Next vehicle & infrastructureHydrogen 7 small series
LH2Storage
¾Capacity9
¾Safety9
¾Boil-off loss8
¾Pressure supply8
¾Complexity8
¾Infrastructure8
Technology leap storage & drive train
Efficient long-range mobility:
¾Zero Emission
¾Focus on vehicleswithhigh
energydemand.
¾Range > 500 km (6-8 kg H2)
¾Fast refueling(< 4 min / 6 kg)
¾Optimized safety oriented
vehicle package & component integration
¾Loss-free operation for all
relevant use cases
¾Compatibility to upcoming
infrastructure standard
V12 PFI engine
¾Power density9
¾Dynamics9
¾Durability & cost9
¾Efficiency8
H2Drive train
H2-Storage
Electrification
today
H2ICEH2HEVEREVFCHVFC-EREV
Advancement
Storage & Drive train
CGH2
Source: Dynetek
LH2
Source: BMW
CcH2
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 3
Role of LH2distribution in the longer term.
H2-Infrastructure.
Hydrogen distribution.
H2-Infrastructure forecast:
¾ÅFRVP-effectiveness, station footprint and
safety issues will decide on delivery method
XQG VPMPLRQ OM\RXP´B
¾Liquid hydrogen distribution along highways
and in remote areas. ¾Gaseous hydrogen distribution via pipelines in only in the long term and only in selected locations.
¾Compressed gas trailers and onsite
electrolysis in ramp-up phase, only.
Liquid delivery and station storage will play
an important role in future infrastructure.
1500 kg H2 / day
3500 kg LH2/ trailer: 3 times a week
500 kg GH2/ trailer: 3 times a day
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 4
Filling station with LH2-supply and warm compression.
H2-Infrastructure.
7RGM\·V I+2-based filling station layout.
High energy demand
and poor scalability
Return gas losses
LHLH22
CGH2
1,5 kg/min
(3 MW)
CGH240 g/L69-65 g/L
1,5 3 bar
Evaporator
Aftercooler
70 MPa
LH2Trailer
Filling stationDistribution
LH2Station storage
ProductionSource
cryogenictransfer pump SMR
Elektrolysis
Natural gas
Carbon
Electricity
mix EU
Wind power
Hydropower
Solar energy
Geothermal
energy
Biomass
Liquefaction
GH2 LH2 LH2
Return gas
1 kg/min
(2 MW)
63 g/L
4 bar
LH2LH263 g/L
0.4 MPa
High pressure
compressor
High pressure buffer
up to 90 MPa CGH2
1,5 kg/min
(3 MW)
CGH224 g/L
35 MPa
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 5
Filling station with LH2-supply and cryogenic high-pressure pump.
H2-Infrastructure.
Future filling station layout.
Efficient compression
and high scalability
Cryo-compressed fuel
with highest density at lower pressure
LHLH22
69-65 g/L
1,5 3 bar
Heatexchanger
Partial warm up
Aftercooler
LH2Trailer
Filling stationDistribution
LH2Station storage
ProductionSource
cryogenichigh pressurepump
Cryo-compressedHydrogen Storage.
Tobias Brunner
February15th, 2011, Washington D.C.
BMW Hydrogen.
Hydrogen Storage Workshop.
BMW EfficientDynamics
Lessemissions. More drivingpleasure.
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 2BMW Hydrogen Technology Strategy.
Advancement of key components.
Source: BMW
Advanced key components Next vehicle & infrastructureHydrogen 7 small series
LH2Storage
¾Capacity9
¾Safety9
¾Boil-off loss8
¾Pressure supply8
¾Complexity8
¾Infrastructure8
Technology leap storage & drive train
Efficient long-range mobility:
¾Zero Emission
¾Focus on vehicleswithhigh
energydemand.
¾Range > 500 km (6-8 kg H2)
¾Fast refueling(< 4 min / 6 kg)
¾Optimized safety oriented
vehicle package & component integration
¾Loss-free operation for all
relevant use cases
¾Compatibility to upcoming
infrastructure standard
V12 PFI engine
¾Power density9
¾Dynamics9
¾Durability & cost9
¾Efficiency8
H2Drive train
H2-Storage
Electrification
today
H2ICEH2HEVEREVFCHVFC-EREV
Advancement
Storage & Drive train
CGH2
Source: Dynetek
LH2
Source: BMW
CcH2
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 3
Role of LH2distribution in the longer term.
H2-Infrastructure.
Hydrogen distribution.
H2-Infrastructure forecast:
¾ÅFRVP-effectiveness, station footprint and
safety issues will decide on delivery method
XQG VPMPLRQ OM\RXP´B
¾Liquid hydrogen distribution along highways
and in remote areas. ¾Gaseous hydrogen distribution via pipelines in only in the long term and only in selected locations.
¾Compressed gas trailers and onsite
electrolysis in ramp-up phase, only.
Liquid delivery and station storage will play
an important role in future infrastructure.
1500 kg H2 / day
3500 kg LH2/ trailer: 3 times a week
500 kg GH2/ trailer: 3 times a day
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 4
Filling station with LH2-supply and warm compression.
H2-Infrastructure.
7RGM\·V I+2-based filling station layout.
High energy demand
and poor scalability
Return gas losses
LHLH22
CGH2
1,5 kg/min
(3 MW)
CGH240 g/L69-65 g/L
1,5 3 bar
Evaporator
Aftercooler
70 MPa
LH2Trailer
Filling stationDistribution
LH2Station storage
ProductionSource
cryogenictransfer pump SMR
Elektrolysis
Natural gas
Carbon
Electricity
mix EU
Wind power
Hydropower
Solar energy
Geothermal
energy
Biomass
Liquefaction
GH2 LH2 LH2
Return gas
1 kg/min
(2 MW)
63 g/L
4 bar
LH2LH263 g/L
0.4 MPa
High pressure
compressor
High pressure buffer
up to 90 MPa CGH2
1,5 kg/min
(3 MW)
CGH224 g/L
35 MPa
BMW Hydrogen
Washington DC
02/15/2011
Page 5
Filling station with LH2-supply and cryogenic high-pressure pump.
H2-Infrastructure.
Future filling station layout.
Efficient compression
and high scalability
Cryo-compressed fuel
with highest density at lower pressure
LHLH22
69-65 g/L
1,5 3 bar
Heatexchanger
Partial warm up
Aftercooler
LH2Trailer
Filling stationDistribution
LH2Station storage
ProductionSource
cryogenichigh pressurepump