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[PDF] Hydrogen Bonding in Water - Esalq
In liquid water, all water molecules have at least one hydrogen bond to neighboring water liquid with just van der Waals dispersion interactions
[PDF] Van der Waals Forces between Polar Molecules
Attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself) • Results in Surface tension (a measure of the strength of water's
Temperature-Dependent van der Waals Forces - ScienceDirectcom
tween water media interacting across a thin lipid film Van der Waals forces in lipid-water systems are qualitatively different from those which exist for
[PDF] answers MOLECULAR STRUCTURES - Chemguide
(which water does have) there will also be dipole-dipole interactions (i) The only intermolecular forces in propane are van der Waals dispersion forces
[PDF] Van der Waals Forces between Polar Molecules - FU Physik
Only the dispersion interaction contributes if both molecules are nonpolar van der Waals molecules often exhibit nonrigid structures: can alter their nuclear Attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself)
Temperature-Dependent van der Waals Forces - ScienceDirectcom
tween water media interacting across a thin lipid film Van der Waals forces in lipid-water systems are qualitatively different from those which exist for condensed
[PDF] Intermolecular Forces
forces based on the strength of the attraction between molecules Van der Waals Forces • The sum of all of Sugar will dissolve in water because both are
[PDF] STATES OF MATTER - NCERT
Collection of water molecules have wetting properties; properties of ice, water and steam are very different In about different types of van der Waals forces
[PDF] answers MOLECULAR STRUCTURES - Chemguide
(which water does have) there will also be dipole-dipole interactions b) (i) The only intermolecular forces in propane are van der Waals dispersion forces
[PDF] van der Waals Forces - CORE
(c) Estimates of the dispersion force in lipid-water systems are obtained and The van der Waals force is founded on the recognition that spontaneous, transient
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![[PDF] Van der Waals Forces between Polar Molecules - FU Physik](https://pdfprof.com/EN_PDFV2/Docs/PDF_7/78272_7vorl21_120124.pdf.jpg "[PDF] Van der Waals Forces between Polar Molecules - FU Physik")
78272_7vorl21_120124.pdf ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ•ƷŷĻ ƚƩźĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ YĻĻƭƚƒ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ƚŅ ƦĻƩƒğƓĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ
•ƷŷĻ źƓķǒĭƷźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ 5ĻĬǤĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭʹ ğ ƦĻƩƒğƓĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻ źƓķǒĭĻƭ ğ ķźƦƚƌĻ źƓ ğƓƚƷŷĻƩ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻ
•ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ[ƚƓķƚƓ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷƩğƓƭźĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ
•ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ[ƚƓķƚƓ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷƩğƓƭźĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ
ĬǒƷ ƦƚƌğƩźǩğĬƌĻ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭCƚƩ ƷǞƚ ķźƭƭźƒźƌğƩ ƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭʹ
ΛЊБΜ
hƓƌǤ ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĭƚƓƷƩźĬǒƷĻƭ źŅ ĬƚƷŷ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƩĻ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ͵
ŷǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ
ĻŅŅĻĭƷ
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
ΛЊБΜ
ΛЊБΜ ŷğƭ ƌźƒźƷĻķ ǝğƌźķźƷǤʹ•ƭŷƚǒƌķ ĭƚƓƭźķĻƩ ƨǒğķƩǒƦƚƌğƩ ğƓķ ŷźŭŷĻƩΏƚƩķĻƩ ƒǒƌƷźƦƚƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ
•źƓ Ʃźŭźķ ƒĻķźğ ƷŷĻ ķźƦƚƌĻΑķźƦƚƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ źƭ ƦƩƚƦƚƩƷźƚƓğƌ Ʒƚ ЊΉƩЌ
•ƭŷƚǒƌķ ĭƚƓƭźķĻƩ ƷŷĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ƷŷƩĻĻ ΛƚƩ ƒƚƩĻΜ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
ΛЊВΜ
ğ ў !ǣźƌƩƚķΑĻƌƌĻƩ ŅƚƩƒǒƌğ•ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƩĻ ƭƨǒĻĻǩĻķ ƷƚŭĻƷŷĻƩʹ ƷŷĻ ƓǒĭƌĻğƩ ğƓķ ĻƌĻĭƷƩƚƓźĭ ƩĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ ķƚƒźƓğƷĻ ƷŷĻ ğƷƷƩğĭƷźǝĻ ŅƚƩĭĻƭ
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
aźĻ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌʹ wĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓƭĻǣƦ
ΏЏ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌ
ŷğƩķΏƭƦŷĻƩĻ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌʹσǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ƦğĭƉźƓŭ Ʃğķźǒƭ
wĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓƭĻǣƦ
ΏЏ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌ
[ĻƓƓğƩķΏWƚƓĻƭ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌʹ wĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓƭƭǒƒ ƚŅ σ
wĻƷğƩķğƷźƚƓ wĻƷğƩķğƷźƚƓ ĻŅŅĻĭƷƭĻŅŅĻĭƷƭ ƚŅƚŅ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻƭŅƚƩĭĻƭ
! . w ν .ЋwΉ ĭ ѢѢ ΛΔ9Ήŷ ΜΏЊ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ źƭ ǞĻğƉĻƓĻķ
w β ЊЉЉ ƓƒͲЋwΉ ĭ ѡѡ ΛΔ9ΉŷΜΏЊ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƩƩĻƌğƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ źƭ
ƦĻƩŅĻĭƷ
Van der Waals MoleculesVan der Waals Molecules
ǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭʹ IĻЋͲ bĻЋͲ !ƩЋͲ -Ļ/ƌͲ !ƩCͲ bğ!ƩͲ !ƩΏ/hķźƒĻƩƭΛbI
ЌΜЋͲ Λ/ЏIЏΜЋͲ Λ/ЏIЏΜ!Ʃ͵ .Van der Waals MoleculesVan der Waals Molecules
Van der Waals Van der Waals MoleculesMolecules
bğYƩĬƚƓķ ĻƓĻƩŭǤʹ
ƷŷƩĻĻ ƚƩķĻƩƭ ƚŅ ƒğŭƓźƷǒķĻ ƌğƩŭĻƩ
АВЉĭƒΏЊў ВВ ƒĻАЉĭƒ
ΏЊў Б͵Б ƒĻ
Van der Waals Van der Waals MoleculesMolecules
ǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƚŅƷĻƓ ĻǣŷźĬźƷ ƓƚƓƩźŭźķ ƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻƭʹĭğƓ ğƌƷĻƩ ƷŷĻźƩ ƓǒĭƌĻğƩ
ŅƩğƒĻǞƚƩƉ ƦĻƩźƚķźĭğƌƌǤ͵ŷĻƩĻ ĻǣźƭƷ ƭĻǝĻƩğƌ źƭƚƒĻƩƭ ǞźƷŷ ƭƌźŭŷƷƌǤ ķźŅŅĻƩĻƓƷ ŭƩƚǒƓķΏƭƷğƷĻ ĻƓĻƩŭźĻƭ
ΛbIЌΜ Ћ
ΛhЋΜ Ћ ʹƷŷĻ ƩĻĭƷğƓŭǒƌğƩ ƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻ ŷğƭ ƷŷĻ ƌğƩŭĻƭƷ ĬźƓķźƓŭ ĻƓĻƩŭǤ
[ğƩŭĻ ƒĻğƓ źƓƷĻƩƓǒĭƌĻğƩ ķźƭƷğƓĭĻʹ ƌğƩŭĻ ƒƚƒĻƓƷƭ ƚŅ źƓĻƩƷźğğƩĻ ƌğƩŭĻͲ ğƓķ ƭƒğƌƌ
ƩƚƷğƷźƚƓğƌ ĭƚƓƭƷğƓƷƭʹ ƌƚǞ ƷĻƒƦĻƩğƷǒƩĻƭ ğƩĻ ƓĻĻķĻķ Ʒƚ ƩĻƭƚƌǝĻ ƷŷĻ ĭƌƚƭĻƌǤ ƭƦğĭĻķ
ƩƚƷğƷźƚƓğƌ ƌźƓĻƭ The Unique Properties of WaterThe Unique Properties of Waterƌźƨǒźķ
•ŷźŭŷ ƒĻƌƷźƓŭ ğƓķ ĬƚźƌźƓŭ ƦƚźƓƷƭ
•ķĻƓƭźƷǤ ƒğǣźƒǒƒ ğƷ Ѝπ/ ĻǣŷźĬźƷĻķ ĬǤ ƌźƨǒźķ ǞğƷĻƩ
•ǝĻƩǤ ƌƚǞ ĭƚƒƦƩĻƭƭźĬźƌźƷǤ•ǒƓǒƭǒğƌ ƭƚƌǒĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷźĻƭ ĬƚƷŷ ğƭ ğ ƭƚƌǒƷĻ ğƓķ ğƭ ğ ƭƚƌǝĻƓƷ
źĭĻ
ŷĻƭĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷźĻƭ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩ ƦƚźƓƷ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ĻǣźƭƷĻƓĭĻ ƚŅ ğƓ źƓƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƷŷğƷ źƭ
ƭƷƩƚƓŭĻƩ ƷŷğƓ ƷŷğƷ ĻǣƦĻĭƷĻķ ŅƚƩ ƚƩķźƓğƩǤͲ ĻǝĻƓ ŷźŭŷƌǤ ƦƚƌğƩͲ ƌźƨǒźķƭ͵
The Unique Properties of Water: CohesionThe Unique Properties of Water: CohesionΘ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƦğƩƷźĭƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƭğƒĻ ƭǒĬƭƷğƓĭĻ Λ ǞŷǤ ǞğƷĻƩ źƭ ğƷƷƩğĭƷĻķ Ʒƚ źƷƭĻƌŅΜ
•wĻƭǒƌƷƭ źƓ {ǒƩŅğĭĻ ƷĻƓƭźƚƓ Λğ ƒĻğƭǒƩĻ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƭƷƩĻƓŭƷŷ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩƭ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻΜ
Θ tƩƚķǒĭĻƭ ğ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ Ņźƌƒ ƚƓ ǞğƷĻƩ ƷŷğƷ ğƌƌƚǞƭ źƓƭĻĭƷƭ Ʒƚ ǞğƌƉ ƚƓ ƷŷĻ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩ
The Unique Properties of Water: AdhesionThe Unique Properties of Water: Adhesion•!ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷǞƚ ķźŅŅĻƩĻƓƷ ƭǒĬƭƷğƓĭĻƭ͵
Θ /ğƦźƌƌğƩǤ ğĭƷźƚƓΏǞğƷĻƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ Ǟźƌƌ ͻƷƚǞͼ Ļğĭŷ ƚƷŷĻƩ ğƌƚƓŭ ǞŷĻƓ źƓ ğ ƷŷźƓ ŭƌğƭƭ
ƷǒĬĻ͵
Θ 9ǣğƒƦƌĻʹ ƷƩğƓƭƦźƩğƷźƚƓ ƦƩƚĭĻƭƭ Ǟŷźĭŷ ƦƌğƓƷƭ ğƓķ ƷƩĻĻƭ ƩĻƒƚǝĻ ǞğƷĻƩ ŅƩƚƒ ƷŷĻ ƭƚźƌͲ
ğƓķ ƦğƦĻƩ ƷƚǞĻƌƭ ƭƚğƉ ǒƦ ǞğƷĻƩ͵
Water MoleculeWater Molecule
ğƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻ źƭ ǝĻƩǤ ƦƚƌğƩͲ ğƓķ ŭĻƷƭ ĻǝĻƓ ƒƚƩĻ ƦƚƌğƩ źƓ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƓķĻƓƭĻķ ƦŷğƭĻ͵
Condensed WaterCondensed Water
ŷĻ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ ĭƚƓķǒĭƷźǝźƷǤ ğƓķ ƒƚĬźƌźƷǤ źƓ źĭĻ źƭ ŷźŭŷĻƩ ƷŷğƓ źƓƷŷĻ ƌźƨǒźķʹ
ƷŷĻ źĭĻ ƌğƷƷźĭĻ ğŅŅƚƩķƭ ƦğƷŷǞğǤƭ ŅƚƩ ƷŷĻ ƒƚǝĻƒĻƓƷ ƚŅ ĭŷğƩŭĻƭΏ
ŷǤķƩƚŭĻƓ ĬƚƓķźƓŭ ƓĻƷǞƚƩƉ ͵Hydrogen Hydrogen bondbond
Hydrogen Hydrogen bondbond
źƓƷƩğƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ IΏĬƚƓķźƓƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ IΏĬƚƓķ
ƒƚƌĻ
[źƷĻƩğƷǒƩĻʹHydrogen Hydrogen bondbond
bond d[Å] -------------O-H ••• O 2.7
O-H ••• O
- 2.6O-H ••• N 2.9
N-H ••• O 3.0
N +-H ••• O 2.9N-H ••• N 3.1Θ ŷĻ ƭŷƚƩƷĻƩ ƷŷĻ IΏĬƚƓķͲ ƷŷĻ ƭƷƩƚƓŭĻƩ ƷŷĻ ĬƚƓķͳ ƷǤƦźĭğƌ ķźƭƷğƓĭĻƭ
ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ķƚƓƚƩ ğƓķ ğĭĭĻƦƷƚƩ ğƩĻ Ћ͵Џ Ʒƚ Ќ͵Њ ) ΛķĻƦĻƓķƭ ƚƓ ƷŷĻ
źƓǝƚƌǝĻķ ğƷƚƒƭ ğƓķ ƷŷĻźƩ ĭŷğƩŭĻΜ͵
{ƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻ ƚŅ źĭĻŷĻ ŷǤķƩƚŭĻƓ ĬƚƓķƭ ğƩĻ ƭŷƚƩƷĻƩ źƓ źĭĻ ΛЋ͵АÅΜ ƷŷğƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ źƭƚƌğƷĻķ IЋh ķźƒĻƩƭ ΛЋ͵БЋÅ)ĬĻĭğǒƭĻ
ƚŅ
ĭƚƚƦĻƩğƷźǝźƷǤ͵ /ğƷźƚƓ aƚĬźƌźƷǤ Ή ĭƒЋћЊƭћЊ
bIЍњ
Љ͵АЏЌќЊЉ
ћЌ
bğ њЉ͵ЎЊВќЊЉ
ћЌ
YњЉ͵АЏЋќЊЉ
ћЌ
IњЌ͵ЏЋќЊЉ
ћЌ
ProtonatedProtonated WaterWater MoleculesMolecules ƦƩƚƷƚƓ ŷƚƦƭʹ Њ͵Ў Ʀƭ ǒƓķĻƌ ĭğƷźƚƓʹIЎhЋњ
9źŭĻƓ ĭğƷźƚƓ
IВhЍњ
ǒƓķĻƌ ĭğƷźƚƓʹIЎhЋњ
ProtonatedProtonated WaterWater MoleculesMoleculesŷĻ
ķĻ .ƩƚŭƌźĻ ǞğǝĻƌĻƓŭƷŷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ źƭ Њ͵Ў !πʹ β ķźƭƷğƓĭĻƭ ƚŅ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ ƷƩğƓƭŅĻƩ ƩĻğĭƷźƚƓƭʹ
ƷǒƓƓĻƌźƓŭ ͪ
IǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓIǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓΘ ĻƌĻĭƷƩƚƭƷğƷźĭͲ IΏĬƚƓķ ğƓķ ǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ źƓ ğƓ ğƨǒĻƚǒƭ
ĻƓǝźƩƚƓƒĻƓƷ ğƩĻ ĭƚƒƦĻƷĻķ ĬǤ ƷŷĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƓķ ƷŷĻ ǞğƷĻƩ
ƭǒƩƩƚǒƓķźƓŭ ƷŷĻƒ͵•ĬǒƷʹ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƒğƉĻ ǒƓŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ǞźƷŷ ǞğƷĻƩ͵
•ŷǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓʹ ƷŷĻ ƦƩĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ŅƚƩ ƓƚƓğƨǒĻƚǒƭ
ĻƓǝźƩƚƓƒĻƓƷƭ
Θ ķƩźǝĻƓ ĬǤ ĻƓƷƩƚƦǤʹ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ŷǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ ΛƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩΜ ƩĻƭźķǒĻƭ ǞźƷŷ ǞğƷĻƩ źƭ ƌĻƭƭ
ŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ ğƭ ǞğƷĻƩ ΑǞğƷĻƩ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ
Θ ƒğƆƚƩ ŅğĭƷƚƩ źƓ ƷŷĻ ƭƷğĬźƌźƷźĻƭ ƚŅ ƦƩƚƷĻźƓƭ
ƓΏĬǒƷğƓĻ Λ/ЍIЊЉΜThe "The "hydrophobichydrophobic" " effecteffectͻĭƌğƷŷƩğƷĻ ĭğŭĻƭͼ
•ƩĻƭǒƌƷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ǒƓŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ ĭŷğƓŭĻ źƓ ĻƓƷƩƚƦǤ
•ƩĻƚƩźĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ƚƩ ƩĻƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩźƓŭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ǞğƷĻƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƭƚ ƷŷĻǤ ĭğƓ ƦğƩƷźĭźƦğƷĻ źƓ IΏ
ĬƚƓķ ŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ •ǞğƷĻƩΏƚƩķĻƩźƓŭ ĻŅŅĻĭƷ