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Page 1 of 78

Cofunded by the European

Union

Fourth focussed study 2016

Illegal employment of Third-Country Nationals in

France

French National Contact Point of the

European Migration Network

April 2017

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PRESENTATION OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL CONTACT POINT

Contacts

- Marie-Hélène Amiel: marie-helene.amiel@interieur.gouv.fr Head of Department for Statistics, Studies and Documentation - Jean-Baptiste Herbet: jean-baptiste.herbet@interieur.gouv.fr

Deputy Head of Department

- Christelle Caporali-Petit: christelle.caporali-petit@interieur.gouv.fr Coordinator of the French National Contact Point of the European Migration Network - Anne-Cécile Jarasse: anne-cecile.jarasse@interieur.gouv.fr Policy officer within the European Migration Network - Tamara Buschek-Chauvel: tamara.buschek-chauvel@interieur.gouv.fr Policy officer within the European Migration Network

Address

Point de contact national du Réseau européen des migrations Département des statistiques, des études et de la documentation

General Directorate for Foreigners in France

Ministry of the Interior

Place Beauvau

75800 Paris Cedex 08

Websites

Official EMN website (in English):

- French NCP website (in French): migrations-REM2

French National Contact Point:

In France, the National Contact Point (NCP) for the European Migration Network (EMN) is attached to the Directorate General for Foreign Nationals in France at the Ministry of the Interior.

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ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT OF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS

IN FRANCE

Study carried out by the French National Contact Point for the European Migration Network (EMN)

April 2017

Disclaimer:

The information provided by the FR EMN NCP is considered to be up to date and objective, and thus in

accordance with the context and aims of the study. However, this information may not be exhaustive and

representative of the overall official policy in France. The FR EMN NCP shall not be held liable, under any

circumstances, for the use which may be made of the information contained in this study. The European Migration Network was set up by Council Decision 2008/381/EC and is coordinated by the

European Commission.

The EMN National Contact Point is financially supported by the Ministry of the Interior's General

Directorate for Foreign nationals in France.

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List of acronyms

- ACOSS: Central Office for Social Security Organisations (Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale) - BTP: the construction industry (Bâtiment et travaux publics) - CESEDA: Code on Entry and Residence of Foreigners and Right of Asylum (Code de l'entrée et de séjour des étrangers et droit d'asile) - CNLF: National Anti-Fraud Committee (Comité national de lutte contre la fraude) - CNLTI: National Commission against Illegal Employment and the Fraudulent Posting of Workers (Commission nationale de lutte contre le travail illégal et la fraude au détachement) - CODAF: Departmental Operational Anti-Fraud Committee (Comité opérationnel départemental anti-fraude) - DGEF: General Directorate for Foreign nationals in France (Direction générale des

étrangers en France)

- DGT: General Directorate for Labour (Direction générale du travail) - DIRECCTE: Regional Directorate for Business, Competition, Consumer Affairs, Labour and Employment (Direction régionale des entreprises, de la concurrence, de la - DNLF: National Anti-Fraud Delegation (Délégation nationale à la lutte contre la fraude) - DPAE: Advance Notification of Recruitment () - DPSIT: Labour Inspectorate Steering Department (Département du pilotage du système - DSN: Nominative Social Declaration (Déclaration sociale nominative) - ESTT: Employing a Foreigner without a Work Permit ( travail) - MSA: Agricultural Mutual Fund (Mutualité Sociale Agricole) - OCLTI: Central Office to Counter Illegal Employment (Office central de lutte contre le travail illégal)

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- OCRIEST: French Office for the Suppression of Unauthorised Immigration and the Employment of Foreigners without Residence Permits (Office Central pour la Répression de l'Immigration irrégulière et de l'Emploi d'étrangers Sans Titre) - OFII: French Office for Immigration and Integration (Office Français de l'Immigration et de l'Intégration) - OQTF: Order to leave French territory (Obligation de quitter le territoire français) - PNLTI: National Plan to Combat Illegal Employment (Plan national de lutte contre le travail illégal) - URSSAF: Social Security and Family Allowance Contribution Collection Service (Union de )

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 7

Section 1: Overview of the situation in France ...................................................................... 10

Section 2: Preventative measures ............................................................................................ 19

Section 3: Identification of illegal employment of TCNs ...................................................... 28

Section 4: Sanctions for employers ......................................................................................... 41

Section 5: Outcomes for TCNs found to be working illegally .............................................. 52

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 68

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. 69

Annex 1: Statistical annexes ...................................................................................................... 69

Annex 2: List of people interviewed or having contributed to the study ................................... 74

Annex 3: Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 76

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Executive summary

Legally enshrined in Law No. 2005-882 of 2 August 2005,1 the concept of illegal employment includes a range of major public order fraudulent activities of a social and economic nature, covered by Article L.8211-1 of the Labour Code: undeclared work, illegal subcontracting, the unlawful supply of workers, employing foreign workers without a work permit, irregularly holding several jobs, making fraudulent or false declarations to gain benefits for unemployed workers. The Law of 7 March 2016 on the rights of foreigners in France2 replaced the concept of that of . A third-country national entering France to take up paid employment must hold a work permit, which may take the form of either a visa or a residence permit, or a document which is separate from the residence permit. In the event of illegally employing a worker, sanctions are in place for the employer. Combating illegal employment is a government priority, reflected through the launch of the first National Action Plan for 2004-2005 and an intensification of inspections by government authorities and welfare institutions. On 30 May 2016, the 2016-2018 National Plan to Combat Illegal Employment (PNLTI) was adopted during a meeting of the National Committee against Illegal Employment. It strives to improve European efficiency, to combat complex cases of fraud particularly in relation to the posting of workers, and to develop an intervention and prevention strategy. Combating illegal employment is a key issue, both for the State and for the victims of the phenomenon. It consists of a range of major types of fraud relating to economic activity and the employment of workers, resulting in significant losses for the public purse in terms of tax income and social security contributions. Among other things, it deprives workers of employee rights granted by the law or collective agreements on individual rights in the employment contract, such as salaries and working conditions. Victims of illegal employment are not only unable to

benefit from labour legislation, but are also deprived of their rights in terms of social protection.

As well as creating situations of great insecurity and vulnerability, illegal employment may

encourage irregular immigration, human trafficking and trafficking of foreign labour. Moreover, the phenomenon is becoming increasingly difficult to detect, forcing public services to constantly adapt to combat illegal employment in light of increasingly complex cases of fraud. Faced with these different issues, the institutional and legal mechanisms to combat the various forms of illegal employment have been strengthened in recent years. Several legal and regulatory measures have been taken to improve inspection methods and the powers of authorised agents, to encourage joined-up working between Ministries, and to strengthen criminal, administrative and civil sanctions. The aim of this study is to analyse the measures in place in France to combat the illegal employment of third-country nationals, to identify the main sectors affected and the obstacles, and to highlight strategies and good practices to overcome them. The scope of the EMN study looks at illegal employment (partially or totally undeclared) of the following two categories of workers:

1 Law No. 2005-882 of 2 August 2005 to promote small and medium enterprises.

2 Law No. 2016-274 of 7 March 2016 on the rights of foreigners in France.

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Ì Third-country nationals in a regular situation in terms of residence and in an irregular situation in terms of employment, i.e. not authorised to access the labour market (e.g. tourists) or failing to comply with labour market access conditions (e.g. students working beyond the number of authorised hours); Ì Third-country nationals in an irregular situation with regard to residence and, consequently, employment, i.e. people who do not meet or no longer meet the conditions for residence in France. This category includes third-country nationals who did not enter the country through legal immigration channels and third-country nationals who remain in the territory despite the fact that their residence permit or visa is no longer valid. DXWKRULVHGWRZRUNquotesdbs_dbs41.pdfusesText_41

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