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the horological foundation

DIARY 2014

antique horology & barometers the horological foundation The Horological Foundation is a non-profit organisation. Through its internet sites it aims to provide a meeting and mediation plaza for anyone interested in important antique horological objects, instruments and barometers. Association sans but lucratif basée à Maastricht. Par ses sites Internet elle vise à fournir un espace de réunion et de médiation pour toute personne intéressée aux objets d'horlogerie importants et aux baromètres anciens. Foundation registered at: KvK Maastricht # 14064944

With Compliments

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8 h l i

t is a historical fact that the name of Robert FitzRoy, captain of the HMS Beagle, will always be associated with that of his much more famous passenger, Charles Darwin.

however, fitzroy"s own achievements are also impres sive and he is unjustly depicted as averse to progress and innovation.

3. robert fitzroy (1805-1865)

by oscar fontijn

1. hms beagle in the straits of

magellan, (r.a. massey)

2. charles darwin (1809-1882)

When planning the Beagle's voyage

he was very conscious of the loneliness and pressure of being the commander of the ship. it was ironic that he should have picked out the young darwin to sail on the bea- gle as a natural scientist (1831). someone with whom he could have conversed on the same level would have controlled his suicidal tendencies during the long jour ney. e dierences of opinion with darwin were few during the ve-year journey and fitzroy came home unscathed.

Strangely enough, Darwin's nose

appeared to be the greatest obstacle to friendship between the two men. fitzroy, being a fervent phrenologist, presumed his nose to betray a lack of will-power and energy.

according to darwin he eventually convinced fitzroy‘that [his] nose had spoken falsely", and he advised him to pay more attention to the probosces of other crea-tures.

After the

expedition , during which he showed himself to be an accomplished captain and accurate cartographer of unknown coasts, fitzroy"s career was far from over. e devoutly religious fitzroy even proved himself to be progressive in many elds. in

1845, only two years after his appointment, he was

recalled as governor of new zealand, probably because he fundamentally adhered to his opinion that the maoris had the same right to claim land as the settlers. As a meteorologist he was to perform pioneering work in addition to his naval activities. revolutionary ideas of his were adopted on more than one occasion. as early as his journey with the beagle fitzroy was paying

a lot of attention to the signs of weather change.He only became an ardent opponent of darwin after the publication of the latter"s on the origin of species in 1859, a long time after the voyage with the bea-

gle . waving a bible at the oxford evolution debate in

1860, fitzroy urged the audience to "believe the word

of god". on 30 april 1865 he came to a tragic end: after he got up early, he kissed his daughter on his way to his dress ing room, closed the door and cut his throat with a ra zor. he was only 59 years old and left his family desti tute. apart from his depression and nancial problems the remorse about having facilitated the development of darwin"s theories is perhaps too easily regarded as the reason for his suicide. after his discharge from active service he was ap- pointed head of the new Meteorological Department of the Board of Trade in 1854, the present-day British Me teorological O?ce. He set up a series of weather stations which sent data to the central weather institute in London using the newly invented telegraph, where he drew up the earliest weather charts. He also initiat ed the ?rst daily weather fore casts. After England had been hit by a storm disaster, causing the loss of many sailors, he de veloped a coordinated storm warning service and a special storm barometer. www.antique-horology.org 9 ese ‘sea coast" barometers, which he devised, were distributed to a large number of English ports by the

British government from 1858 onwards.

ere is a sad irony in the fact that precisely this man, tormented by melancholy mood swings and a profound feeling of failure, and who took his own life, contributed so much to saving the lives of innumerable other people. ironic after his death the well- known typically Victorian barometers, named after him, with a wide case and large paper register behind glass came into being. Usu ally this instrument com bines a thermometer and a storm glass, naturally richly endowed with his meteoro logical texts and rhyming rules of thumb. ?e older models have the text 'Barom eter by the late Admiral Fitz roy' at the top of the register, whereas on later specimens 'Admiral Fitzroy's Barometer' is written. his meteorological rules not only took into account the value and tendency of barometric pressure but also the direction and speed of the wind. With these rules, later known as 'Fitzroy's Rules' (Fig.6), he made mete orology accessible to a wider public. His best-known weather proverbs were reproduced on thousands of barometers during the second half of the nineteenth century.

4. A terrible storm in 1859 that caused the loss of the

Royal charter inspired fitzRoy to develop charts to allow predictions to be made, which he called "forecasting the weather", thus coining the term weather forecast. long fo r eto ld, long last short notice soon past fast rise after low foretells stronger blow e sturdy storm ba rometers (Fig.7), which have a striking shape and work accurately, were placed in well-ventilated oak cabinets against the wall, for instance, of a harbour o?ce (Fig.5), where they could be read by sailors before setting out to sea. FitzRoy also concerned himself with improving the marine ba rometer and designed the so-called 'Fitzroy marine

Barometer' or 'Gun Ma

rine Barometer'. In 1863 he was promoted vice ad miral on the basis of sen iority and published his successful

Weather Book

5. portsoy's wall mounted

public harbour barometer.

6. Detail of a scale plate

with fitzroy's rules. See also page. 40.

7. fitzroy's storm barometer by negretti & Zambra.

6 calendars

8 article 13 moon phases of the year

19-127

week planner with royal birthdays 129
international fairs 129
time zones 131
styles & periods 133
national holidays 133
religious & moveable festivals

136-154

picture notes 154
interesting links

171-177

alphabetical notes 179
order formquotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32

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