[PDF] PROPAGANDA JACQUES ELLUL ElluL Jacques. Propaganda. Reprint of

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PROPAGANDA

Th e Formation of Men s Attitudes BY

JACQUE

S ELLUL

TRANSLATE

D FRO tOM.-i . KELLEN AND JEAN LERNEH WTT B A N

INTTODUCTIO

N B I

VINTAG

E BOOK S A

DIVISIO

N OF RANDOM HOUSE

NE W YOR K

VINTAGE BOOKS EOlfltift; FRBRt/ARY ^73

Copyrigh

t © 19^5 by Alfrfld A. Knopf, lac. Al l right* r"irvpd under [nTeniriliuji.il and Pan-Amen- &n Copvriglit Convention* Published In the United State s bv BiDdom floiae, Int.. Sew Yt>rV, and Simul-

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y to Canada !» Random HwiSe of Canada

Limited

. Toronto. Originally published in French as Frtfwffmdta by Librairie Annanrf Colin, Copyright © igfi a bv Mux LecJsrc el O, proprietors uf Lihr^ine \(man d Cnlin, This edition was Firsl published bv Al fre d A. Knopf. Inc, an October 35, 196*.

Librar

y of Coiigi-tts Cntdln^ing In Piihlf.dtlon Dati Ellu

L Jacques.

Propaganda

Reprin

t of the 1965 ed.

Bibliography

: p. 1 . Propaganda. [HMaOaJSiji a 1973
] 301 » 54 7JhS*53 ISB

N 0-394-7"#74-7

nUOTFAcrmu m iv TKE UNITES STATES OF AMERICA 3 9 3 1 3 6 3 5 .1 4

Introduction

Jacque

* EJluTs view of propaganda and his approach to the study o f propaganda are new. The principal difference between his though t c-iJifk-r- And 1 . ::i other literature on propaganda if that Fi l ni regards propaganda as a Eodolcgical pheùomeùcii rather tha n as something m&de by certain people for certain purposes.

Propagand

a Grist s an d thrives i t i s th e Siamese twin of our tech nologica l society. Only in the technological society can there be anythin g of the type and order of magnitude of modern propa ganda , which is with us> forever;, and only with the all-pervading effect s thai flow from propaganda can the technological society hol d itseif together and further espand- Mos t people are easy prey for propaganda, Ellul saysh because o f their firm but entirely erroneous conviction that it is composed onl y of lies and "tall stories" and that, conversely, what u true canno t b e propaganda Bu t moder n propagand a ha s long dis daine d the ridiculous lies of past and outmoded forms of propa ganda I t operates instead with manv different kiuds of truth - hal f (ruth, limited truth, truth out of context. Even Coebbels alway s insisted that ^ehrnjBeht communiqués be as accurate a* possible  second basic misconception that rna^es people vulnerable to propagand a i s th e notion that it serves only to change opinions. •t) Tha t i* one of its aims, but a limited, subordinate one. Much mora importantly , jt aims to intensify exiting trends, to sharpen and focu s them and abov e all t o lea d me n t o actio n (or whe n i t i s directe d at immovable opponents, to nonaction through teiTor o r discouragement t o preven t the m from interfering). Therefore Ellu l distinguishes various fonrts of propaganda and calls his book Propagandas - that plural is one of the keys to his concept. The mos t trenchan t distinctio n uji-!-- by Ellul it between agtfdlion prüpogûTufa and WMtf ton prnpaganfta The former leads men fro m mere resentment to rebellion; the latEer aims at making them adjus t themselve s t o desire d patterns Th e tw o type s rel y o n en tirel y different means. Both eiist all over the world. Integration propagand a i f neede d especiall y fo r th e technologica l societ y t o flourish, and its technological means - mass media among them - i n him make such integration propaganda possible, A related il central in JIM - thesis, is that modem propa gand a canno t work without "education"; ho thus reverses the widesprea d notio n tha t educatio n i s th e best prophylactic against propaganda O n th e contrar y h e says* education* or what usually goe * hy (hat word in the modem world, is the •• "• •••• prerequisite fo r propagjnda. In Fact, • : "inn is largely identical with what El i id calls "pre-propaganda" - the conditinumfl of minds with vast amount * of incoherent information, already dispensed for ulterior purpose s an d posin g a s 'facts an d a s "education* " EUýýl follows throug h hy designating intellectuals as virtually the most vul nerabl e o f al l t o moder n propaganda fo r thre e reasons: (1) they absor b th e large* amoun t o f secondhand . ý m verifiable informa tionquotesdbs_dbs11.pdfusesText_17

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