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21241

February 2000

Culture Counts

Financing, Resources, and the Economics of

Culture in Sustainable Development

s TERREIse

FILE COPY Proceedings of the Conference

Florence,

Italy Cosponsored by the Government of Italy and the World Bank in cooperation with

the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural OrganizationPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized

Culture Counts

Financing, Resources, and the Economics of

Culture in Sustainable Development

James D. Wolfensohn

President

The World Bank

Lamberto Dini

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Italy

Gianfranco Facco Bonetti

Director General, Cultural Relations

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy

Ian Johnson

Vice President, Environmentally and

Socially Sustainable Development

The World Bank

Joan Martin-Brown

Florence Conference Coordinator

The World Bank

Proceedings of the Conference held in Florence Italy,

October 4-7,1999, cosponsored by

the Government of Italy and the World Bank, in cooperation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

Copyright 2000

The International Bank for Reconstruction

And Development/THE WORLD BANK

1818 H Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.

All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing February 2000

The findings, intepretations, and conclusions in this document are entirely those of the author(s) and

should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to rmembers of

its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the

accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their

use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any maps in this volume do

not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the en-

dorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

NOTE TO READERS

Several conference speakers gave their presentations in their native language and chose to have these speeches reproduced in this publication in their native language. Therefore some speeches are printed in French or Italian. For more information about the plenary speakers, a brief bio of each appears in Part Four: Re- sources, along with contact information of all plenary speakers.

Contents

Preface viii

Acknowledgments x

Rationale for the Conference xii

PART ONE OPENING PLENARY 1

Welcoming Remarks Alberto Brasca 1

Marialina Mancucci 3

Opening Address Lamberto Dini 5

James D. Wolfensohn 9

PART TWO PLENARY SESSIONS 15

Session I. Culture and Sustainable Development: Threats and Tensions 17

Hernan Crespo-Toral 17

B.P. Singh 20

Abdelbaki Hermassi 24

Session II. The Role of Culture in Sustainable Development 27

David S. Landes 27

Mario Rietti 31

David Throsby 38

Paul Streeten 41

Juan Ignacio Vidarte 46

iii iv Culture Counts Session III. Policies for Culture in Sustainable Development 49

Kurt Biedenkopf 49

Susan Waffa-Ogoo 51

Martine Tridde 54

Sheila Copps 57

Session IV. Multilateral Development Banks: Development Impact of Cultural Programs and

Projects 61

Antonio Maria Costa 61

Peter H. Sullivan 64

Henock Kifle 68

Eduardo Rojas 71

Session V. Concurrent Roundtable Al. Bilateral Development Agencies: Development Impact of Programs and Projects on Culture Prototypes and Best Practice 76

Fulvio Massard 76

Najah El-Attar 80

Michael Bohnet 83

Carlos A. Moneta 88

Session V. Concurrent Roundtable A2. Resources for Culture in a Multicultural Society: Private

Sector and Foundation Experience 95

Gianfranco Imperatori 95

Fields Wicker-Miurin 97

Mohammed Abdelilah Belghazi 100

Margarita Gutman 101

Session VI. Concurrent Roundtable B1. The Constraints on Resources for Culture in Developing

Countries and Economies in Transition 108

N'Goran Niamien 108

Fahrudin Rizvanbegovic 111

Contents v

Makhtar Diouf 114

Arjun Appadurai 115

Session VI. Concurrent Roundtable B2. The Cultural Impact of Development on Civil Societies and Indigenous Culture 118

Mpho M. Malie 118

Stefano Bianca 121

Jorge Uquillas 124

Session VII. Strategies to Support Culture in Sustainable Development (Presentations of

Thematic Working Groups to the Plenary) 127

Cultural Conservation in East Asia 127

Valuing Heritage-Beyond Economics 128

Cultural Economics, Identity, and Poverty Reduction 129 Museums: Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage 131 Sustainable Development in Communication and Education: Pilot Projects and Case

Studies 132

Culture and Private Sector Support 133

Archives and Sustainable Development 135

Supporting Cultural Enterprises for Local Development 136

Cultural Tourism and Development 138

Sharing the Wealth: Improved Sustainability through Integrated Conservation

Planning 139

Cathedrals for Environment: Financing Culture and Nature for Generation to Come 139 Growth and Culture in Urban and Regional Proximity 141 Strategies and Guidelines for Architectural Heritage: Technical and Financial Aspects 143

Italian Bilateral Cooperation 144

Financing Cultural Site Management 144

Cultural Policy and Sustainable Development, A New Partnership 145 vi Culture Counts

Session VIII. A Vision for the Future 147

The Promise of the Work in Progress Bonnie Burnham 147 Commentaries on the UNESCO/Government of Italy paper, "Towards New Strategies for

Culture in Sustainable Development" 150

Gianfranco Facco Bonetti 150

Hernan Crespo-Toral 152

Commentary on the World Bank paper, "Culture and Sustainable

Development" Ian Johnson 153

Session IX. Creating Capacity for Cultures in Sustainable Development 155

Federico Mayor 155

Hillary Rodham Clinton 157

Ismail Serageldin 162

Giovanna Melandri 171

James D. Wolfensohn 176

PART THREE. SEMINARS, THEMATIC WORKING GROUPS, AND LECTURES 179

Seminars 181

Measuring Culture and Development: Prospects and Limits in Constructing Cultural

Indicators 181

Private and Public Sector Partnership for Community Development. 183

Thematic Working Groups 186

Cathedrals for Environment-Financing Culture and Nature for Generation to Come 186

Valuing Heritage-Beyond Economics 189

Italian Bilateral Cooperation 195

Cultural Economics, Identity, and Poverty Reduction 199

Culture and National Millennium Commissions 203

Cultural Conservation in East Asia 208

Contents vii

Sharing the Wealth: Inproved Sustainability through Integrated Conservation

Planning 215

Museums: Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage 217 Cultural Policy and Sustainable Development: The Art of Regenerating Partnership Proposal in South East Europe 220

Culture and Private Sector Support 223

Sustainable Development in Communication and Education: Pilot Projects and Case

Studies 228

Financing Cultural Site Management 236

Growth and Culture in Urban and Regional Proximity 241 Strategies and Guidelines for Architectural Heritage: Technical and Financial Aspects 245 Supporting Cultural Enterprises for Local Development 249

Archives and Sustainable Development 254

Cultural Tourism and Development 258

Lectures 261

The State of Knowledge in Cultural Management Alessandro Bianchi 261

PART FOUR. RESOURCES 265

Appendix A. Remarks by Session Moderators 267

Appendix B. Towards New Strategies for Culture in Sustainable Development 274 Appendix C. Culture and Sustainable Development A Framework for Action 285

Bios of Speakers 289

Contact Information 299

Conference Program 304

Preface

F lorence, Italy, was the site of the interna- The growing interest in cultural assets is simi- tional conference, Culture Counts: Financ- lar in some ways to actions on behalf of the envi- ing, Resources, and the Economics of Culture ronment more than three decades ago. Like the in Sustainable Development, from October 4 to 7, environment, there is a risk of permanent loss of

1999. The Government of Italy and the World diversity within the realms of built and natural

Bank cosponsored the conference in cooperation cultural assets, archives and libraries, traditions, with UNESCO, aiming to advance the interna- values, and knowledge. All are at risk, especially tional agenda on culture in sustainable develop- in the poorest countries. An effort to preserve ment. About one thousand conferees from all and enhance cultural assets and expressions can continents participated in the four-day event. also provide important economic returns and op- The premise of the conference was that culture portunities for greater social cohesion. Invest- is crucial to advancing sustainable development. ments in culture-besides generating tourist The objectives were to (1) promote the expansion flows-can help poor communities grow out of of economic analysis in, and resources available poverty and encourage local development by for, culture in sustainable development pro- strengthening social capital and expanding op- grams; (2) expand the range of institutions and portunities for education. actors involved in culture with a development Tue for eu ation. and increase the*T~~he Government of Italy iS presently engagred perspective; (3) instruments to in an effort to systematically include culture both be used for these programs. The conference pro- in domestic developmert rogams and in the vided an important forum for experts and key activities of p.p ... ...... .. w achutes of miternational development assis- decisionmakers to discuss the full range of eco- tance. The World Bank is mainstreaming culture nomic and financial issues linked to the cultural tsn lending porams and has alre dimensions of poverty alleviation in developing anc ts lending programs and has already countries. launched several projects that fully indude cul- In recent years, multilateral development ture in a broader range of development activities. banks, bilateral development agencies, and a It is clear that any scaling up of these programs number of institutions and individuals involved will require working in partnership with a wide in development programs have recognized the range of forces. urgent need to assist developing countries in pre- The Florence conference provided a forum for serving their cultural resources and assets; more- a new and exceptionally diverse coalition of ac- over, to relate cultural values to development. For tors willing to join their forces and energies a long time, UNESCO has advocated a greater around the issue of culture in development pro- mobilization of human and financial resources for grams. Participants in the conference included cultural development. Following this lead, other not only culture ministers and experts, but repre- players have begun to include activities in their sentatives from finance ministries, development programs aimed at preserving cultural resources agencies, private commercial banks, major multi- and supporting cultural programs in developing national companies, foundations, and a variety of countries. Explicit requests for assistance in this nongovernmental organizations. About one hun- area by the international community have come dred countries, with greatly different economic both from governments and representatives of conditions, were represented at the conference. civil society of many countries. This combination of people provided a unique viii ix opportunity to strengthen the active network ad- The following individuals were instrumental vancing culture in sustainable development. in making the Florence conference possible: With its emphasis on the financial aspects of James Wolfensohn, Lamberto Dini, Franco Pas- culture, the conference provided the platform to sacantando, Ian Johnson, Gianfranco Facco address many important issues: the effects of cul- Bonetti, Ismail Serageldin, Gloria Davis, and ture on current market and development trends, Joan Martin-Brown. The contributions of many involvement of the private sector in cultural her- are bound in this volume which contains the con- itage management, incentives to foster private in- ference program agenda, presentations, and pro- volvement, partnerships, collaboration between ceedings. However, even this robust compilation private interest and public institutions, strategic cannot give full account of the wealth of ex- grants by corporations, corporate philanthropy, changes-often at the informal level-that took individual gift-giving and family foundations, place during the four-day event. Still, they will grant programs from independently endowed provide new insights and make a major contribu- foundations, and human resources in traditional tion to the discussion on culture in sustainable artistic and educational fields presently without development, and certainly entice new action. opportunities for employment.

Acknowledgments

A major international conference requires a preparatory processes and during the confer- variety of talents, team work, support, ence, there were many more colleagues in the IN Xand the dedication of many individuals sponsoring institutions who undertook special and institutions with multiple capacities. Fortu- initiatives to enable the conference. nately the "culture counts" conference was well At the World Bank, Marina Galvani, a cultural endowed with these elements. The complexity of economist, managed the delivery of the 6 semi- the conference required the cooperation of sev- nars and the 17 thematic working groups, in ad- eral levels of government departments in Italy, dition to providing invaluable insights and multiple units in the World Bank and UNESCO, guidance. Marc Halcrow managed all the logisti- and the fullest engagement of over 20 regional, cal requirements associated with the plenary national, and international specialized institu- speakers and panels, as well many other de- tions from both the public and private sectors. manding assignments, joined by Edie Fattu. Originally planned for approximately 550 partic- The Bank's efforts would have had little effectquotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32

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