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JORDANIAN ARABIC GRAMMAR

A Short Guide for BeginnersHosted for free on livelingua.com 1

CONTENTS

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Section

A

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1. THE ARABIC ALPHABET

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Table 1.1 Arabic Letter

name Transli- teration English equivalent Example

΍ alif Aa A apricot

Ε taa T T tall

Ι thaa Th (same as "thin") three

Ν jiim J J juice

Ρ Haa H (emphatic "h" with strong expulsion

of air) breath) no equivalent Υ khaa Kh (same as German "Bach") no equivalent

Ω daal D D dark

Ϋ dhaal Dh (same as "the") this

έ raa R R room

ί zaai Z Z zoo

α siin S S small

ε shiin Sh (same as "shine") short

ι Saad S (emphatic "s" pronounced with the

teeth slightly apart pressing the tip of the tongue to the lower teeth) no equivalent

ν Daad D (emphatic "d" pronounced with the

tongue pressing against the edge of the upper teeth with the tip protruding) no equivalent

ρ Taa T (emphatic "t" where you should be

able to bite the sides of the tongue as flat as possible). no equivalent

υ DHaa DH (emphatic "dh") no equivalent

ω ωain ω (pronounced with the constriction of the larynx) no equivalent ύ ghain Gh (like Parisian r, sound of gargling) no equivalent

ϑ faa F F father

ϕ qaaf G G goal

ϙ kaaf K K kind

ϝ laam L L lemon

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ϡ miim M M month

ϥ nuun N N number

ϫ˰ haa H H Happy

ϭ waaw w/uu/oo

o W way - food

ϱ yaa y/ii/ee Y yard - visa

Some notes on pronunciation:

1) To say the Ha, pretend like you are breathing on a glass window, trying to

make a fog-cloud. It should be an audible, breathy sound in the back of your throat. The kha ch.

2) One way to practice making the ayn sound is to practice saying it with your

hand on your throat to feel your larynx contract. The sound should come from deep in your throat, rather than from the back of your mouth (as in an English

3) To practice the ghayn, imitate gargling water in your throat with your head

slightly tilted back. The ghayn is made a little lower in your throat than the kha, but it is a similar rough, vibrating sound.

4) In Modern Standard Arabic, and in many regions in the Middle East outside of

Jordan, the qaaf is pronounced as a Q sound in the back of your throat. You will mostly hear the formal pronunciation when discussing the news, academic matters, technical vocabulary, conversations.

2. LONG & SHORT VOWELS

In Arabic, vowels are divided into two groups: long and short. The first table provides us with the three long vowels in Arabic, and the second table provides is with the short vowels.

Table 2.1 Long Vowel Pronunciation Example

΍ aa (e.g. flag) (delicious) zaakii - ϛ΍ίϲ ϭ uu (e.g. shoes) (sweater) bluuza - ΓίϭϠΑ ϱ ii (e.g. piece) (airplane) Kursii - ϲγέ

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6 To understand how long vowels are formed & used in Arabic, look at the three examples below:

With έ With Ω With ϡ

raa ΍έ daa ΍Ω maa Ύϣ ruu quotesdbs_dbs11.pdfusesText_17

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