[PDF] article 31 constitution 2011 maroc

How did the French constitution change in 1958?

The French constitution of 4 October 1958 provides for revisions. The revision of the Constitution under Article 89 of the Constitution: Constitutional revisions are initiated by the President of France on a proposal by the French Prime Minister and members of the French Parliament .

How is a constitutional amendment adopted in France?

The normal procedure of constitutional amendment is that the amendment must be adopted in identical terms by both houses of Parliament and then must be adopted by a simple majority in a referendum or by a three-fifths supermajority of the French Congress, a joint session of both houses of Parliament (article 89).

How did the constitutional revision of 1974 affect French political action?

The constitutional revision of 1974, though it was called a "small reform" when it was voted on by Congress, has profoundly upset French political action, better ensuring the superiority of the Constitution over the laws.

What type of legislation does the French Fifth Republic enact?

The Constitution of the French Fifth Republic distinguishes two kinds of legislation: statute law, which is normally voted upon by Parliament (except for ordonnances ), and government regulations, which are enacted by the Prime Minister and his government as decrees and other regulations ( arrêtés ).