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Les normes internationales du travail:

un patrimoine pour l"avenir

Mélanges en l"honneur de Nicolas Valticos

Bureau international du Travail Genève

2004

Les normes internationales du travail:

un patrimoine pour l"avenir

Mélanges en l"honneur de Nicolas Valticos

Préface de

J??? S??????

Sous la direction de

Coordinateur

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Première édition 2004

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Table of contents

Preface - Préface - Prefacio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Part 1

| The Supervisory System

Les mécanismes de contrôle de l"OIT:

bilan de leur effi cacité et perspectives d"avenir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

Eric Gravel

Shaping a dynamic ILO system of regular supervision:

The Valticos years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Ernest A. Landy

The “Berufsverbot " problem revisited -

Views from Geneva and Starsbourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Klaus Samson

Standard-setting and supervision: A system in diffi culty . . . . . . . . . . ??

William R. Simpson

Some remarks concerning the Commissions of Inquiry established

under the ILO Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Budislav Vukas

?? M??????? N?????? V???????

Part 2 | Freedom of Association

Une page d"histoire de l"OIT: la Pologne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Francis Blanchard

Democracy, freedom of association and the ILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Karen Curtis

La liberté syndicale et les missions sur place de l"OIT . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Bernard Gernigon

Une révolution de velours dans l"ordre juridique international en matière de droits fondamentaux des travailleurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Tomi Kohiyama et María Marta Travieso

Le Comité de la liberté syndicale (I): origines et genèse . . . . . . . . . . ???

Alberto Odero et María Marta Travieso

Le Comité de la liberté syndicale (II):

composition, procédure et fonctionnement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Alberto Odero et María Marta Travieso

Part 3

| International Labour Standards and Internal Legal Order En aval des normes internationales du travail: le rôle de l"OIT

dans l"élaboration et la révision de la législation du travail . . . . . . . . . ???

Arturo Bronstein

The use of international labour law in domestic courts: Theory, recent jurisprudence, and practical implications . . . . . . . . . . ??? Constance Thomas, Martin Oelz, and Xavier Beaudonnet Efi cacia juridica de los convenios de la OIT en el plano nacional . . . . ???

Geraldo von Potobsky

Part 4 | Constitutional Theory and Current Issues

The Consolidated Maritime Labour Convention:

A marriage of the traditional and the new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry

Normas internacionales del trabajo y trabajo decente: El impacto de las normas internacionales del trabajo sobre el desarrollo económico y social sostenible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

J. Ricardo Hernández Pulido

How the ILO"s international labour standards can help in the fi ght against HIV/AIDS in the world of work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Jane Hodges-Aeberhard

Réfl exion sur l"idée d"un droit international coutumier du travail . . . . . ???

Véronique Marleau

The Annual Review and the promotion of the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work: Developments

and initial impact assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Momar N"Diaye

Deconstructing fl exibility in international labour Conventions . . . . . . ???

George P. Politakis

Les recommandations internationales du travail: instruments mal exploités ou maillon faible du système normatif ? . . . . . . . . . . . ???

George P. Politakis et Kroum Markov

Réserves et conventions internationales du travail . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Guido Raimondi

La OIT y los trabajadores migrantes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Miguel Rodríguez-Piñero Bravo-Ferrer

Normes internationales du travail et responsabilité sociale

des entreprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Jean-Michel Servais

International labour standards and the informal economy . . . . . . . . . ???

Anne Trebilcock

???? M??????? N?????? V??????? International labour standards as a model for the future:

The case of fi nancial regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Katerina Tsotroudi

Part 5

| Future Perspectives on Standards Globalization, values, and international law in the world of work . . . . ???

Janelle Diller

Libres propos sur la "part» du droit dans l"action

de l"Organisation internationale du Travail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Jean-Claude Javillier

Persuasion et contrainte aux fi ns de la mise en oeuvre

des normes et objectifs de l"OIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ???

Francis Maupain

Rarely have offi cials been identifi ed to such an extent with a specifi c fi eld of ILO action as Nicolas Valticos was with the Organization"s standards-related activities. So much so that, for over 30 years, it was almost tautological to refer to standards and the inspired Director of NORMES. As early as the transition period, I was personally very keen to meet this living incarnation of ILO standards and if possible obtain the benefi t of his wisdom and advice as regards important steps that would have to be taken later. I will never forget a lunch I was privileged to have with him shortly after taking offi ce. His erudition, his benevolent wit, his natural empathy for so many peoples and countries that I also happened to know, the combination of his healthy sense of realities and fi rm convictions, made for a conversation which was an enchantment for the mind and for the heart. When leaving the table I had the feeling not only of a rare - alas unique - moment, but also of leaving a friend that I had known and respected for ever. Refl ecting on standard-setting and the supervision of standards as a key component of ILO action, especially in the current context of the ILO"s focus on achieving a fair globalization, brings three words to my mind - paradigm, responsibility and vision - all, of course, within the framework of the ILO"s prin- cipal characteristic and method, namely tripartism, with its emphasis on dialogue and partnership.

Standards as paradigms

Standards are the history of the ILO. As the international institution which has produced the largest number of binding and non-binding instru- ments in the fi eld of human rights, standards remain at the very centre of the ILO"s mandate and its day-to-day work. Whether they are viewed as minimum

Preface

Juan Somavia

? M??????? N?????? V??????? living standards, benchmarks or decent work indicators, or more recently as the building blocks of a socio-economic fl oor for the global economy, whether they are delivered in the form of hard or soft law, standards epitomize the idea of openly discussed and agreed principles refl ecting widely held values, which governments, employers and governments can use to structure labour market systems. By offering paradigms, the ILO gives tangible content to the notion of social justice that it consistently defends and strives to promote. Standards en- capsulate components of human dignity and security which should be enjoyed by everyone in the world of work. They offer the necessary yardstick of fairness to measure progress, but also to reveal backwardness. As I noted in my 2001 report Reducing the decent work defi cit: A global chal- lenge, “normative action helps to clarify the meaning of decent work: standards provide an authoritative answer to the question of what decent work implies in concrete terms as regards the preconditions (fundamental principles and rights), its content (work that meets certain criteria of quality and security) and the process whereby it can be achieved (social dialogue). It also helps to put the Decent Work Agenda into practice: standards are a stern indicator of progress towards the achievement of ILO objectives, not through lip-service but in law and in practice" (p. 59).

Standards as a source of responsibility

Standard-setting has constituted a core activity of the ILO since its in- ception, and indeed the single most important reason for its creation. As such, the corpus of international labour standards elaborated over the years stands today as an impressive heritage, a vital source of pride, but also of responsibility - responsibility to manage the accumulated normative wealth effectively, protect the impact of standards, keep a watchful eye on their continued application, promote and strengthen their relevance. This is a mission that the Offi ce must continue to carry out with conviction and realism. The ongoing discussion on the direction and modalities of normative action requires responsible refl ection on, among others, ways of achieving a stronger focus on dialogue, intensifying technical cooperation, deepening legislative and policy analysis, multiplying ad- visory activities, and adding muscle to the supervisory machinery. Responsibility also means that the ILO has to be fully responsive to the aspirations, needs and concerns of all its constituents. Tripartism is a key asset which must be carefully nurtured and further developed. The partnership of workers, employers and governments remains the foundation of the ILO"s rel- evance in the changing world of work. While confl icting views and interests may often make choices diffi cult, they are also conducive to balanced compromises. Sensitivities are keen and consensus-building at times appears hard to operate, yet this is precisely what our constituents expect from the ILO so that it can provide them with guidance which is both authoritative and relevant. The effort required to mainstream international labour standards has to remain at the fore- front of ILO action. The credibility of the standards system largely depends on the outcome of this effort, hence the increased sense of responsibility currently hanging over the normative action of the Organization. Our unique expertise in the fi eld of standards confers upon the ILO undisputed legitimacy to play an active role in managing the social dimensions of globalization.

Standards and the need for vision

Past accomplishments oblige us to be forward-looking and innovative. In my 1999 Report on Decent Work, I placed emphasis on the need to “renew work on labour standards" and “experiment with new approaches" (p. 17). The system for the adoption and supervision of standards is showing signs of fatigue and of being pushed to its limits. And the system is too highly valued to be left to fend for itself. This is not of course meant to call into question the relevance of the Organization"s normative work, but rather to marshal creative forces with a view to reforming working methods, devising and testing new procedures, adapting mentalities and drawing the right lessons from past failures. By way of example, I specifi cally referred in the Decent Work report toquotesdbs_dbs22.pdfusesText_28

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