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Environmental Impacts of Human Activites

Review of BAT and BEP in Urban

Wastewater Treatment Systems

focusing on the reductions and prevention of stormwater related litter, including micro-plastics, entering the

Marine Environment

2019
1 enteringthemarineenvironment

OSPARConvention

TheConventionfortheProtectionoftheMarine

Convention")wasopenedforsignatureatthe

CommissionsinParison22September1992.The

ContractingPartiesare

Belgium,Denmark,the

Kingdom.

ConventionOSPAR

25mars1998.LesParties

contractantessont

Suisseetl'Unioneuropéenne

Acknowledgement

MichaelJoyce

O'Connor

OSPARCommission2019

2

Contents

ExecutiveSummaryiv

Glossaryvii

1Introduction9

2Reviewof

PerformanceStandards15

3.1Stormwater

ofmicroplasticsin

3.5Review

4.3.2

5Conclusions38

3

6Recommendations39

7ReferencesReferencePage42

OSPARCommission2019

4

ExecutiveSummary

enteringthemarineenvironment,aspart

ManagementofMarineLitter,Action42.

Performancestandards

authorsnotethatthereis determinetheeffectivenessofthese performance

SystemsandTechnologies

Thisbackgrounddocumentalsoreviews

enteringthemarineenvironmentcan: litterenteringthesewerandavoidor

Thereviewhighlightstheimportantrolewhich

clothingproductsandtheproper

Recommendations

Increasemonitoring:Thereisaneed

isminimized. 5 thresholds.

Récapitulatif

Normesdeperformance

zoneOSPAR,portantsurle deréviser auxnormesdeperformance.

Systèmesettechnologies

le milieumarin,peuvent: lesdéchetsdansles lemilieu

OSPARCommission2019

6 déchets.

Recommandations

placeunesurveillancepermettant technologiesdedésintégration) microplastiques. 7

Glossary

BestAvailable

Technology(BAT)

Best

Environmental

Practice(BEP)

measuresandstrategies(OSPAR,2018).

CombinedSewer

Overflow(CSO)

rainfallevents.

Combinedsewer

system

Domesticwaste

water

1991).

Emergency

Overflow(EO)

European

Commission(EC)

thedayrtordaybusinessoftheEU.

European

EconomicArea

(EEA) area. Good

Environmental

Status(GES)

achieveormaintainbytheyear2020.

Industrialwaste

water water(OJEC,1991).

LowImpact

Development(LID)

(OSPAR,2018).

MarineLitter

RegionalAction

Plan(RAP)

OSPAROtherAgreement.

Membrane

Filtration

particlesthroughasemipermeablemembrane. insize.

OSPARCommission2019

8 activitiesthatcanadverselyaffectthesea.

Population

Equivalent(PE)

amountofoxygen - demandingsubstanceswhoseoxygenconsumptionduring

Separatesewer

systems waterinseparatepipes. sewersystems").

StormWater

Overflow(SWO)

Sustainable

Drainage

Systems(SuDs)

Totalsolids

(TS)

Suspendedsolids

(SS)

Urbanwaste

water

Wastewater

treatment plant(WWTP) landapplication.

OSPARCommission2019

9

1Introduction

1.1Marinelitter-GeneralOverview

2009)anditisborneoutwithintheOSPAR

thatbetween3.4

5mm,are

interchangeable.

Directive&otherrelevantstandards

10

1.2Microplastics

6and10percentofglobalplastics

ofmicroplasticsinOSPAR sourcesin

Microplasticsources

Microplastictype

Emissions(tonnes/year)

DetergentsSecondary39.6

CosmeticsPrimary2,825

SyntheticturfPrimary326

TirewearSecondary54,508

PaintsSecondary8306

LaundryfibresSecondary11,160

ton/year(Verschooretal.,2015) al., proliferate(Werneretal.,2016). disruption(Rochmanetal.,2013). microplasticscan etal.,2015;Wieczoreketal.,2018).

1.3StormwaterOverflows

andsurfacewater plants(WWTPs),inadditiontoreducingthe

OSPARCommission2019

11 failureataWWTPor aregular

1.4CombinedSewerOverflow(CSO)Discharges

networkfromtheareabeing ofroad

Directive&otherrelevantstandards

12 theEUwhichmaycontainCSOs(EC,2018b).

StatisticEU28

Totalnumberofagglomerations>10000PE8,558

all

2008;StatisticsNorway,

2017).NodatawasavailableforSwitzerland.

CountiesSeparate

sewers

CombinedsewersRiskof

overflows*

No.ofstormoverflow(SO)structures

numberisnotatotalandisaregiononly)

Denmark50%50%++17,548SOs(4873CSOs)

France68%32%++No.overflowsnotprovided.

Ireland76%16%+1,900SOs

Netherlands27%68%+13,700SOs

Portugal66%33%+6,432SOs

Spain87%13%+No.overflowsnotprovided.

Sweden88%12%+No.overflowsnotprovided.

UnitedKingdom30%70%+++19,049CSOs.

ourextensiveknowledgeofworkingon forthenationalpositioninIreland.An

OSPARCommission2019

13 nominatedCSOexpert webelievethatit significantly andwasgenerallygathered

CountiesSeparate

sewers

Combined

sewers only)

Reference

Norway81%19%3,346StatisticsNorway,2017

SwitzerlandNotavailable.

andSwitzerland

1.5RegionalActions

CommissionagreedtoimplementaMarine

appropriateindustriestheuseofBATandBEP 42.

1.5.1BackgroundwithintheOSPAR

inputs).However,thisdocumentdidnot

Directive&otherrelevantstandards

14 facilitiesorofmethodsofoperation

1.5.2Focusofthisbackgrounddocument

awiderangeoflandrandsearbased impactwhichisconsideredinthisdocument. wastefromcombinedurbanwastewatersystems. 3.

Source(land)

quotesdbs_dbs50.pdfusesText_50

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