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Technical Insulations

Information for designers and assembly companies

TABLE OF CONTENT ř

PROPERTIES OF ISOVER PRODUCTS ů

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF TECHNICAL INSULATIONS Ž

HEAT FLOW TRANSMISSION ě

INSULATIO

N SYSTEM DESIGN fi

G eneral 7

Insulation thickness calculation 7

Insulation desigh criterion 7

Parameters inčuencing insulation thickness design 7

Economic thickness 7

M aximum service temperature 9

FIRE PERFORMANCE

FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN FOR VENTILATION DUCTS

Legislation 11

M aximum duct sizes 11

ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE ř

Sound Absorption 12

Absorptive structures 13

Acoustics insulations 13

GENERAL RULES FOR USING ISOVER INSULATIONS

APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL INSULATION Ž

Piping insulation 15

Ducting insulation 17

Fire protection of ventilation ducts 18

Technological appliance insulation 20

Boiler insulation 20

Chimney insulation 20

ISOVER PRODUCTS FOR TECHNICAL INSULATIONS ř OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL INSULATION APPLICATION řě

TECHNICAL INSULATION PROPERTIES řfi

TABLE OF CONTENT

Mineral wool insulation ISOVER is made from the earth"s most abundant materials: rock, sand and minerals of various types. The production is based on fiberizing of molten raw materials consisting of minerals and different amounts of artificial resins. Mineral wool insulation materials are delivered as wired mats, lamella mats, slabs, blocks, pipe sections and felts. Depending upon the form of delivery, mineral wool insulations can be quilted on wire mesh, faced with foils, glass fleece or glass filament tissue or be equipped with coatings. Final ISOVER products have the following properties: apparent density from 25 to 150 kg/m 3 (special fire protection slabs can have density up to 200 kg/m 3 very good thermal insulation performance (low thermal conductivity), very good sound attenuation (high absorption coefficient), fire resistance - non-combustible material, high temperature resistance (possibility of application up to a maximum surface temperature), environmental friendly and hygienic, hydrophobisation - ISOVER insulation materials are made water repellent, long life span (material is not aging), resistant to wood-destroying pests, rodents, and insect, easy to handle, easy to cut with a sharp knife. The ISOVER product range provides fire safe thermal and acoustic insulation solutions in many applications, including HVAC, original equipment, transport and for tanks and storage vessels. The range of high quality products has been designed to be effective in both performance and cost, while providing ease of installation. Each product is engineered to fulfil specific performance criteria. Maximum surface temperature (MST) is dependent on the apparent density (the higher the density, the higher MST and better thermal performance at high temperature surfaces). Mineral wool insulations have a melting point higher than 1000 °C. For outdoor application metal steel jacketing is required. If a product is with an aluminium facing, then the surface temperature must not exceed 100 °C on the

facing; proper thickness of insulation must be designed for this purpose. Binders and greasing agents in mineral wool products dissolve and evaporate in areas with temperatures higher than 150 °C. As the temperature falls in the direction of the insulation"s cold side, the binder remains unchanged in the greater part of the material. In the outer areas, colder than 150 °C, no

dissolution and evaporation take place. I SOVER is part of the Saint-Gobain group, leaders in the design, production and distribution of materials for the construction, industrial and consumer markets. With a presence in over 50 countries, the group"s global reach allows us to draw on unrivalled financial and technological resources to meet the changing needs of customers and communities in the 21st century. In the Czech Republic Isover has a modern stone wool plant in astolovice, Trade Headquarters is in Prague. Thermal, acoustic and fire protection insulations have been produced in astolovice for more than 40 years. Our company offers a complete range of insulation materials from both stone and glass wool. Thus we can offer you the optimal product for any industrial application. You will find the best solution with us.

PROPERTIES OF ISOVER PRODUCTS FROM MINERAL WOOL

AS QUALITY

Corrosion of stainless steel surfaces under insulation is an often discussed issue. Highly alloyed austenitic steel (alloyed by chrome, nickel and molybdenum) are predisposed to tensile stress corrosion (stress corrosion cracking), which is caused by chloride ions. Austenitic is a description of crystalline steel structure, therefore identified as AS. Chlorides with water (well-known is classical salt) attack steel surface and cause cracks in the material. With increasing surface temperature the danger of stress corrosion cracking is raised. To minimise this danger, mineral wool insulations in AS quality are available for this application. Standard AGI Q 132 determines maximum content of chloride ions of

10 mg in 1 kg of the insulation material. Mineral wool

insulations may be used for insulating objects made of stainless austenitic steels if the content meets the requirement. ISOVER stone wool technical insulations meet the requirement of AGI Q 132. T

HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

One of the most important parameters of insulations is their thermal conductivity named lambda value [W/ (m.K)]. Thermal conductivity measures the capacity of a material to lead or to resist heat transfer. The smaller the lambda value, the better the thermal insulation. The thermal performance of mineral wool is achieved through the entrapment of air within the material. Its thermal conductivity does not deteriorate over time. For slabs, mats, felts and loose mineral wool, the thermal conductivity is determined in the hot box tester according to EN 12

667. The determination of the

thermal conductivity of sections is in the pipe tester according to EN ISO 8497. For lamella mats and wired mats, the thermal conductivity is measured in the hot box and in the pipe tester. The thermal conductivity of mineral wool insulations has to be determined up to the maximum service temperature (hot face) as a function of the mean temperature (arithmetic mean between object and surface temperature). The thermal conductivity varies with temperatures and with densities. The higher the density, the higher the thermal performance at high temperature surfaces. In our product data sheets declared lambda-values D are used; these values are fulfilled within every product. A designer will be on the safe side when using our declared lambda-values. That means allowances for workmanship, spacers and supporting constructions are made. Possible inaccuracies caused by calculation equations can be eliminated. M

ELTING POINT OF MINERAL WOOL

PRODUCTS

The melting point of mineral wool is determined according to DIN 4102 part 17. It is a parameter for the durability of mineral wool insulations in building components in case of fire. It must not be confused with the maximum service temperature and has no relation to the service temperature. Mineral wool insulations have the melting point higher than 1000

°C,

usually in the range from 1200 to 1600 °C. MA

XIMUM SERVICE TEMPERATURE

M aximum service temperature according to EN 14 706
(for wired mats, lamella mats and slabs) and EN 14 707
(for pipe sections) ranging from 250 to 700 °C. MST for various products can be found in a Product data sheet or at the end of the catalogue in the chapter ISOVER

Products on page 23.

F

IRE RE

S I

STANCE

M ineral wool products ISOVER are completely non- combustible; they resist to high temperatures and thus prevent fire spread. The classification levels according to EN 13

501-1 are A1, possibly A2 for materials with

a facing. ACOU

STIC PROPERTIES

I SOVER mineral wool products have a fibre structure and therefore reach excellent noise attenuation, for example from HVAC services (pipework, ductwork and air handling equipment) and other services. An absorbent layer of mineral wool has the best absorption capacity in the medium and high frequencies (under such conditions it can have absorption coefficient up to

98 % (

= 0,95)). The absorption in the low frequencies is improved by increasing the thickness or by providing an air gap behind the absorbent layer.

RESISTANT TO BIOLOGICAL PESTS

M ineral wool insulation is resistent to wood-destroying pests, rodents, and insects. They are rot-proof and do not sustain growth of mould.

LOW THERMAL EXPANSION

M ineral wool insulations have almost zero thermal expansion with changing temperatures.

MOISTURE AND WATER REPELLENCE

All ISOVER products are treated during manufacture with special additives, which make them water repellent. ISOVER products are a hydrophobic, non- hygroscopic insulation material. If ISOVER products get wet, they dry out quickly as a result of the open structure and its mechanical and insulating properties are unaffected after drying. For outdoor application metal steel jacketing is unconditionally required. Insulations are defined as those materials which retard the flow of heat energy by performing one or more of the following functions:

Energy conservation: minimizing unwanted heat loss/gain from building HVAC systems, as well as preserv-

ing natural and financial resources. Personnel protection: controlling surface tempera-tures to avoid contact burns (hot or cold) - maximum surface temperature criterion.

Condensation control: minimizing condensation by keeping the surface temperature above the dew point of surrounding air.

Prevent internal condensation in pipes.

Process control: minimizing temperature change in process fluids where close control is needed.

Increase operating efficiency of heating, ventilating, cooling, plumbing, steam, process and power systems found in commercial and industrial installations.

Freeze protection: minimizing energy required for heat tracing systems and/or extending the time to freeze in the event of system failure. Freeze protec-tion of vessels and tanks with various accumulated fluids or fuels.

Noise control: reducing/controlling noise in mechani- cal systems. Fire safety: protecting critical building elements and slowing the spread of fire in buildings.The application of thermal insulation on pipe, vessels and ducts is recognized as a necessary requirement in any construction activity. The thickness and extent of insulation required has always been subject to arbi trary and imprecise decisions with little engineering or economic input. No material incorporated in a modern construction project provides the owner with as good a financial return throughout the life of the facility as does insulation. The investment in insulation may protect the equip- ment and personnel present during the life of the facil ity. Proper insulation prevents condensation, chemical corrosion and excessive heat in fire hazard areas. Added human comfort provided by proper insulation in hotels, office buildings, schools or factories adds considerably to the value of the facility and productivity of its per- sonnel. Process temperatures in heat traced piping are more efficiently maintained with proper insulation. The size of the heat generating equipment can be reduced when designed with an efficient insulation system. In some cases, insulation is essential to an industry‘s very existence as with the power, the process, and the cold storage. H owever, the most substantial return on an investment in insulation is in energy savings over a period of time. These savings are becoming more and more empha sized in the industrial insulation field as energy costs rise, coupled with the fact that industrial plants and utilities usually account for about half of the total en- ergy consumption. Recently, the environmental impact of new, renovated or relocated industrial and commercial facilities has taken on new importance. Thermal insulation is one of the most, if not the most, significant technology used to conserve energy, thereby reducing pollution. Besides minimizing heat loss, insulation increases process ef- ficiency, helps maintain employee safety, comfort and production. For their thermal protection of various industrial appli cations it is a necessity to design and use such insula tion material that meet operating conditions. ISOVER will help you find the most suitable insulation product for given application. 4- 5 Heat transfer is carried out by three heat transmission modes: conduction, convection and radiation.

Conduction

H eat transfers from warmer surface to colder through solid material or gas (by fibres in mineral wool insulations). The more insulant the material, the less the conduction.

Convection

Transfer of heat caused by air movements (because of temperature and density gradient). Hot air moves up and heat dissipates. The quieter the air, the less the convection. Convection can be natural (when calculating insulation inside the building) or forced (for calculation outside where wind blows).

Radiation

Each material absorbs or emits thermal radiations depending on its temperature and its emissivity. Unlike conduction or convection, heat can be transferred by radiation also in a vacuum. When radiation is absorbed or reflected, there is less thermal transfer. Measure of radiating capacity of a material is emissivity . Absolute black body has the highest emissivity ( = 1). Rough and dark surfaces approaches such value (for example mineral wool insulation without jacketing = 0.94),quotesdbs_dbs50.pdfusesText_50

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