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OFFt OF LEGAL AFAmS

COLLECTION OF EssAYs

by Legal Advisers of States,

Legal Advisers of International Organizations

and Practitioners in the Field of

INTERNATIONAL LAW

RECUEIL D' ARTICLES

de conseillers juridiques d'Etats, d'organisations internationales et de praticiens du DROIT INTERNATIONAL

UTrrFD NAo' * NATONs UmiiS

NEw YoRK, 1999

UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION

Sales No. E/F/S.99.V.13

ISBN 92-1-033080-3

PUBLICATION DES NATIONS UNIES

Num6ro de vente: E/F/S.99.V.13

ISBN 92-1-033080-3

Copyright Q United Nations, 1999 -Copyright Q Nations Unies, 1999

All rights reserved -Tout droit r~serv

Table of Contents

Table des matieres

PREFACE by the Secretary-General ............................................ ix PREFACE par le Secritaire g neal .............................................. x PROLOGO por el Secretario General ............................................ ) I

THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL LEGAL ADVISER

IN SHAPING THE FOREIGN POLICY OF STATES

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE NATIONAL

DANS LA FORMULATION DE LA POLITIQUE

EXTERIFURE DES ETATS

The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Conduct of Ghana's International Relations from Independence to the Present by Emmanuel A. Addo, Director, Legal and Consular Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Director, International Legal Division, Attorney-General's Department and Ministry of Justice, Ghana ........................................................................ 3 The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Formulation of a State's Foreign Policy by Jassim Bin Nasser AI-Thani Director, Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Qatar .... 27 La contribution du jurisconsulte i la politique des Etats relative aux espace maritimes par Haseyin Pazarc, ancien chef du Dpartementjuridique du Ministre des affaires ,trang~res, Turquie ................................................. 33 II

THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL ADVISER IN

SHAPING AND APPLYING INTERNATIONAL LAW

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE DANS

L'tLABORATION ET LAPPLICATION

DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL

The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Treaty-making

Process by Milan Berdnek, Director, Department of

International Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

Czech Republic ............................................................................ 55

Some Reflexions on the Relationship between

International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

in the Light of the Adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court by Adriaan Bos,

Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

The N etherlands ........................................................................... 71 Le r6le du Directeur des affaires juridiques dans un pays engag6 dans la coop6ration europ6enne par

Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, ancien directeur

des affairesjuridiques, Ministdre des affaires 9trangires, F ra nce ..................................................................................... ..85

Cooperation among Legal Advisers on Public

International Law by Hans Corell,

Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and

the Legal Counsel of the United Nations ..................................... 97 Soft Law and the Legal Adviser by Hartmut Hillgenberg Former Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

G erm any ........................................................................................... 121

The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Process of Succession of States in Respect of Bilateral Treaties, with Particular Reference to the Experience of the Republic of Croatia by Stanko Nick, Chief Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Croatia ................................................. 145 M

THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL ADVISER IN

IMPLEM1ENTIG INTERNATIONAL LAW IN

NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE

DANS L'INCORPORATION DU DROIT

INTERNATIONAL DANS LES SYSTEMES

JRIDIQUES NATIONAUX

Lhabilitation lgislative : un moyen commode pour

l'exdcution rapide des resolutions du Conseil de S6curit6 prises dans le cadre de la s6curite collective par Constantin P. Economid&s, ancien conseillerjuridique du Minist&Me des affaires trangres, Grece ..................................... 165

The Role of and Problems Confronted by the

Legal Adviser in Implementing International Treaties and Decisions under National Laws -A Case Study of Pakistan by Jamshed A. Hamid, Legal Adviser and Additional Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

P akistan ............................................................................................ 175

The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Internal

Application of International Customary and

Treaty Law by Bharat Patel, Director of Legal Advice, Attorney-General's Office, Zimbabwe .............................................. 185 Treaty Negotiation and the National Implementation of International Treaty Obligations: Role of the Legal Adviser in a Changing Political and Economic

Environment by Amrith Rohan Perera,

Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka ..................... 20B

La labor del Consejero Legal en la relacidn

entre el derecho internacional y el orden juridico interno: una perspective argentina por Orlando R. Rebagliat, Consejero Legal, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Argentina .................................... 221

THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL ADVISER IN

THE APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT

OF THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE

DANS L'APPLICATION ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT

DU DROIT DES ORGANISATIONS

INTERNATIONALES

The Role of the Legal Adviser in Considering

the Legality of Decisions of International Organizations by Rodojub Etinski, Chief Legal Adviser,

Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ....................................................... 243

Gardien du patrimoine ou inventeur juridique ?

Le r6le du conseiller juridique dune organisation

internationale face au changement par Francis Maupain, conseiller spicial, ancien conseillerjuridique du Bureau international du Travail .................................................................... 259 The Role of the Legal Adviser of an Intergovernmental

Organization by Alfons A. E. Noll,

Former Legal Adviser of the International

Telecommunication Union ................................................................ 285

The Role of the World Bank's General Counsel

by Ibrahim F. L Shihata, Senior Vice-President and General Counsel of the World Bank .......................................... 315

The Role of the Legal Adviser in the Reform and

Restructuring of an International Organization:

The Case of UNIDO byAbdulqawiA. Yusuf

Former Legal Adviser and Director of Legal Services, United Nations Industrial Development Organization ...... ........... 329 FAge V

THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL ADVISER OR

PRACTITIONER IN LITIGATION BEFORE

NATIONAL COURTS INVOLVING

QUESTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE OU DU

PRATICIEN DANS LE CONTENTEJX DEVANT

LES COURS NATIONALES SOULEVANT DES

QUESTIONS DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL

The Legal Adviser and Litigation Involving

International Law in National Courts

by Henry Burmester, Chief General Counsel,

Attorney-General's Department, Australia,

and Gavan Griffith, Solicitor-General ofAustralia .......................... 353 VI

THE ROLE OF THE LEGAL ADVISER OR

PRACTITIONER IN LITIGATION BEFORE

LNTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS

LE ROLE DU CONSEILLER JURIDIQUE OU DU

PRATICIEN DANS LE CONTENTIEUX DEVANT

LES COURS ET TRIBUNAUX INTERNATIONAUX

La pratique de rarticle 38 du Statut de la Cour mternationale de Justice dans le cadre des plaidoiries 6rites et orales par Pierre-Marie Dupuy, professeur, Univers de Paris 11 (Pantheon-Assas), directeur de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes internationales de Paris ............................................ 377 Le r6le et les fonctions du chef du service du contentieux diplomatique dans le cadre de la Convention europenne des droits de l'homme par Umberto Leanza, chef du Service du contentieux diplomatique, des traits et des affaires ligislatives, Ministre des affaires trangires, Italie ........................................... 395 RMg International Litigation and Peaceful Settlement of

Disputes: A Case Study of Certain Phosphate Lands

in Nauru by V.S. Mani, Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India ................................................. 415 Remarques sur le "metier" de conseil devant la Cour internationale de Justice par Alain Pellet, professeur, Universitg de Paris X-Nanterre ........................................................ 435 Litigation Practice before the International Court of Justice: Some Specific Problems of Developing and Small Countries by Luis Ignacio Sdnchez Rodriguez, Professor, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain ...................... 459

The Presentation of the Gabdikovo-Nagymaros Case

before the International Court of Justice:

Some Aspects of Case Management and the

Hungarian Experience by Gy6rgy Szgndsi, Director,

International Law Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

H ungary ............................................................................................ 479

POSTSCRIPT

POSTFACE

Between Commitment and Cynicism: Outline for a

Theory of International Law as Practice

by Martti Koskenniemi, Professor, University of Helsinki,

F inland ............................................................................................. 495

PREFACE

The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. Yet the aspirations of the world's peoples remain the same: to live in a world of peace where their rights and freedoms are respected. This objective cannot be attained without respect for the rule of law. Over the past 10 years, the international community can claim some major achievements in this regard: the adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; the entry into force of conventions banning chemical weapons and anti-personnel landmines; and, especially, the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. At the same time, we must always bear in mind that the rule of law in relations between and among States cannot be limited to law-making alone. Real, good-faith adherence to agreements and commitments must be our yardstick of progress. Respect for international legal obligations is the indispensable core of the just and humane international system for which we strive. Legal advisers of States and international organizations, as well as practitioners in the field of international law, are among those individuals most committed to promoting respect for international law. However, their knowledge and insights are not always accessible to the general public. In this context, and in accordance with the mandate for the United Nations Decade of International Law, the legal advisers of States and international organizations and a number of practitioners in the field of international law were invited, in their personal capacities, to contribute essays that would provide a practical perspective on international law, as viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration. This unique compilation, global in nature, is a distinctive addition to the literature on international law and an important contribution to mark the conclusion of the Decade.

Kofi A. Annan

Le monde a connu de v~ritables mutations depuis 1989, annie ofi l'Assembl6e g6nrale a proclam6 la D~cennie des Nations Unies pour le droit international, 1990-1999. Les aspirations des populations du monde, elles, n'ont pas chang6 : vivre dans un monde en paix oji leurs droits et libertis sont respect6s. Or cet objectif ne pourra 8tre atteint que dans le respect de la primauti du droit. Les dix annes 6coul6es ont vu i cet 6gard quelques belles r6alisations de la communaut6 internationale: ladoption du Trait d'iterdiction complite des essais nuclkaires, rentre en vigueur des conventions d'interdiction des armes chimiques et des mines antipersonnel, et surtout radoption du Statut de Rome de la Cour p6nale internationale. Nous ne devons jamais oublier pourtant que la primaut6 du droit dans les relations entre ttats ne saurait se limiter i rlaboration d'instruments juridiques. Le progr~s se mesure i l'aune du respect authentique, en toute bonne foi, des accords et des engagements. Le respect des obligations lgales intemationales est le fondement indispensable du syst~me de justice et dhumanit6 vers lequel tendent nos efforts. Les conseillers juridiques des Etats et des organisations internationales, de meme que les praticiens du droit international, sont parmi ceux qui se devouent le plus i la cause du respect du droit international. Mais le grand public n'a pas toujours acc~s i leurs connaissances et i leurs idies. C'est pour cela que, conform~ment au mandat de la D~cennie des Nations Unies pour le droit international, des conseillers juridiques des Etats et des organisations internationales, ainsi que des praticiens du droit international, ont 6t invit6s i r6diger i titre individuel des articles sur leur discipline envisag&e sous I'angle concret, comine la voient ceux qui participent i l'laboration, i l'application et i l'administration du droit international. D'int~ret mondial par nature, ce recueil unique enrichit consid~rablement les 6crits consacr~s au droit international, marquant dignement la fin de la D6cennie.

Kofi A. Annan

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