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A/CONF.151/26/Rev.l (Vol. l)

Report ofthe UnitedNations Conference on Environment and Development

Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992

Volume I

Resolutions Adopted by the Conference

United Nations . New York, 1993

NOTE

Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. The designations employed and the presentation of thematerial in this

publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the

United Nations concerning the legal status of any

country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The Report of the United Nations Conference OIZ Environment

and Development is issued in three volumes: Volume I: Resolutions Adopted by the Conference Volume II: Proceedings of the Conference

Volume III: Statements Made by

Heads of State or Government at the Summit

Segment of the Conference

A/CONF.151/26/Rev.l (Vol. I)

United Nations publication

Sales No. E.93.1.8

ISBN92-l-100498-5

.I

CONTENTS '

Resolution 1. Adoption of texts on environment and development ..,,,,

Annexes

I.

Rio Declaration on

Environment and Development l . . . . . . .

II. Agenda 21 . . ..*.....*..I...*........***................ III.

Non-legally Binding Authoritative Statement

of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..**..................*...**... I Resolution 2. Expression of thanks to the people and Government of

Brazil . . .

Resolution 3. Credentials of representatives to the Conference . . . . . . Paae 2 3 9 480
486

486 . . . -11x-

ABBREVIATIONS

APELL CFC

CGIAR cILss EEZ ECA

ECE ECLAC ELCI

EMINWA

ESCAP ESCWA

FA0 GATT GAW

GEF GEMS

GEMS/WATER

GESAMP GIPME

GIS GLOBE GOS GRID GSP HIV

IAEA IAP-WASAD

IARC

IBSRAM

ICCA

ICES ICPIC ICSC ICSU

IEEA

IFAD IGADD IGBP IGBP/START

IL0 IMF Awareness and Preparedness for Industrial Accidents at Local Level chlorofluorocarbon

Consultative

Group on International Agricultural Research

Permanent Inter-State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel exclusive economic zone

Economic Commission,for Africa

Economic Commission for Europe

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Environmental Liaison Centre International

environmentally sound management of inland water Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)

Global

Environment Facility

Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP)

Global Water Quality Monitoring Programme

Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine

Pollution

Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment (UNESCO)

Geographical Information System

Global Legislators Organisation

for a Balanced Environment

Global Observing System (WMO/WWW)

Global Resource Information Database

generalized system of preferences human immunodeficiency virus

International Atomic Energy Agency

International Action Programme on Water and Sustainable

Agricultural Development

International Agency for Research on Cancer

International Board of Soil Resources and Management

International Council of Chemical Associations

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea International Cleaner Production Information Clearing House International Civil Service Commission

International Council of Scientific Unions integrated environmental and economic accounting

International Fund for Agricultural Development

Intergovernmental Authority for Drought and Development International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (ICSU) International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme/Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training

International Labour Organisation

International Monetary Fund

-iv-

IMO INFOTERRA

IOC IPCC IPCS IPM IRPTC ITC ITT0 IUCN

MARPOL

OECD PGRFA PIG SADCC SARD

UNCTAD

UNDP UNDRO UNEP

UNESCO

UNFPA

UNICEF

UNIDO UNU WCP WFC WHO WMO

WWF International Maritime Organisation

International Environment Information System,(UNEP)

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

International Programme on Chemical Safety

integrated pest management

International Register of

Potentially Toxic Chemicals

International Tin Council

International Tropical Timber Organization

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development plant genetic resources for agriculture prior informed consent procedure Southern African Development Coordination Conference sustainable agriculture and'rural development

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

United Nations Population Fund

United Nations Children's Fund

United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

United Nations University

World Climate Programme

(WMO/UNEP/ICSU/UNESCO)

World Food Council

Wk&ld Health Organisation

World Meteorological Organization

World Wild Fund for Nature (also called World Wildlife Fund)

World Weather Watch (WMO)

-v-

At its 19th plenary meeting, At its 19th plenary meeting, on 14 June 1992, the Conference adopted the on 14 June 1992, the Conference adopted the

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21 and the Non-legally Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21 and

the Non-legally

Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global

Consensus on the

Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests

(resolution 1). (resolution 1).

It also adopted a resolution expressing thanks to the people It also adopted a resolution expressing thanks to the people and Government of Brazil (resolution

2) and a resolution concerning the and Government of Brazil (resolution 2)

and a resolution concerning the

credentials of representatives to the Conference (resolution 3). credentials of representatives to the Conference (resolution 3). -l-

RESOLUTION 1

Adootion of texts on environment and develooment

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,

Havim met at Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992, 1. Notes that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity were opened for signature at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and were signed at Rio de Janeiro by 154 States and one regional economic integration organization and 156 States and one regional economic integration organization respectively: 2. Adopts the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21. and the Non-legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global

Consensus

on the Management,

Conservation and Sustainable Development of All

Types of Forests, which are annexed to the present resolution; 3.

Recommends to the General

Assembly of the United Nations at its

forty-seventh session that it endorse the texts referred to in paragraph 2 above, as adopted, -2-

RIO DECLARATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

The United Nations Conference on Environment and DeveloDment, Having met, at Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992, Reaffirming the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human

Environment,

adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972, a/ and seeking to build upon it, With the uoal of establishing a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of cooperation among States, key sectors of societies and people, ELQrking towards international agreements which respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environmental and developmental system, Recoanizinq the integral and interdependent nature of the Earth, our home, proclaims that;:

Princinle 1

Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.,

Princiule 2

States have, in accordance with the Charter of the

United Nations and the

principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.

Principle 3

The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations.

31 Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,

Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.73.II.A.14 and corrigendum), chap. I. -_ 3- i

Princiule 4

In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be

considered in isolation from it.

Princinle 5

All States and all people shall cooperate in the essential task of eradicating poverty as an indispensable requirement fox sustainable development, in order to decrease the disparities in standards of living and better meet the needs of the majority of the people of the world.

Principle 6

The special situation and needs of developing countries, particularly the least developed and those most environmentally vulnerable, shall be given special priority. International actions in the field of environment and development should also address the interests and needs of all countries.

Principle 7

States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities.

The developed

countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.

Principle B

To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, States should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and promote appropriate demographic policies.

Principle 4

States should cooperate to strengthen endogenous capacity-building for sustainable development by improving scientific understanding through exchanges of scientific and technological knowledge, and-by enhancing the development, adaptation, diffusion and transfer of technologies, including new and innovative technologies. -4- A

Principle 1Q

Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level. At the national level, each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment that is held by public authorities, including information on hazardous materials and activities in their communities, and the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes.

States shall facilitate and

encourage public awareness and participation by making information widely available. Effective access to judicial and administrative proceedings, including redress and remedy, shall be provided.

Principle 11

States shall enact effective environmental legislation. Environmental standards, management objectives and priorities should reflect the environmental and developmental context to which they apply. Standards applied by some countries may be inappropriate and of unwarranted economic and social cost to other countries, in particuJ.ar developing countries. Principle 12 States should cooperate to promote a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to economic growth and sustainable development in all countries, to better address the problems of environmental degradation. Trade policy measures for environmental purposes should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Unilateral actions to deal with environmental challenges outside the jurisdiction of the importing country should be avoided. Environmental measures addressing transboundary or global environmental problems should, as far as possible, be based on an international consensus.

Principle I.3

States shall develop national law, regarding liability and compensation for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage. States shall also cooperate in an expeditious and more determined manner to develop further international law regarding liability and compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction. -5-

Princiole 14

States should effectively cooperate to discourage or prevent the relocation and transfer to other States of any activities and substances that cause severe environmental degradation or are found to be harmful to human health.

Principle 15

In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.

Princiule 16

National authorities should endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment.

Principle 17

Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed activities that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national authority.

Principle 18

States shall immediately notify other States of any natural disasters or other emergencies that are likely to produce sudden harmful effects on the environment of those States.

Every effort shall be made by the international

community to help States so afflicted.

Princiole 19

States shall provide prior and

timely notification and relevant information to potentially affected States on activities that may have a significant adverse transboundary environmental effect and shall consult with those States at an early stage and in good faith. -6-

Princinle 20

Women have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable development.

Principle 23,

The creativity, ideals and courage

of the youth of the world should be mobilized to forge a global partnership in order to achieve sustainable development and ensure a better future for all.

Principle

22
Indigenous people and their communities and other local communities have a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices.

States

should recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development.

Principle 23

The environment and natural

resources of people under oppression, domination and occupation shall be protected.

Principle 24

Warfare is inherently destructive of sustainable development. States shall therefore respect international law providing protection for the environment in times of armed conflict and cooperate in its further development, as necessary.

Principle 25

Peace, development and environmental protection are interdependent and indivisible.

Principle 26

States shall resolve all their environmental disputes peacefully and by appropriate means in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. -7-

Principle 27

States and people shall cooperate in good faith and in a spirit of Partnership in the fulfilment of the principles embodied in this Declaration and in the further development of international law in the field of sustainable development. -a-

Annex II

AGENDA 21

CONTENTS

ChaPtar Paraar$ghs

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