Introduction to Linux Operating System
Numbering of the kernel versions – see lab notes or Wikipedia. 7. Linus Torvalds announcing. Linux 1.0. 30.03.1994. Richard Stallman
Linux Programming Notes
Source software development very popular in universities and Free Operating System companies
THE LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
The mb() operation provides both a load and store barrier. Two important points to note about the barrier operations: 1. The barriers relate to machine
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Users on the Linux operating system work consistently with the Linux server Note the functions of Shell. c. List the Linux utilities and application ...
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1 General remarks on the operating system UNIX/Linux. 2 First steps at the Note: Varying from system to system rm without the option -f might need a ...
INTRODUCTION TO LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM. Linux operating system consists of Kernel Shell and File System: ➢Shell Types. ➢Bourne Shell (sh) (First shell by Stephen Bourne).
Linux with Operating System Concepts
notes early drafts of this textbook
LINUX PROGRAMMING
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model Please note that /root is root user's home directory which is not same as /.
Introduction to Linux Operating System
Operating System is a program that mediates between the user and the computer hardware. Numbering of the kernel versions – see lab notes or Wikipedia.
Linux for Beginners
20-Oct-2021 1 General remarks on the operating system UNIX/Linux ... reference for vi: vi reference.pdf. • reference for emacs: emacs reference.pdf.
Introduction to Linux
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systems (including virtually all versions of UNIX Linux
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THE LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Fifth Edition 6.8 LINUX KERNEL CONCURRENCY MECHANISMS. ... Note that this function.
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Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution The defining component
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Linux is a true 32/64-bit operating system that run on different platforms It is a multi-user multi-tasking and time sharing operating system
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30 mar 1994 · Operating System is a program that mediates between the user and the computer hardware • Hides hardware details of the computer system by
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(R15A0527)LINUX PROGRAMMING Objectives: • To develop the skills necessary for Unix systems programming including file system
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?Linux treats everything as a file including hardware devices Arranged as a directory hierarchy ?The top level directory is known as “root (/)”
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[PDF] [PDF] Introduction to Linux
Other useful commands to find out more: ? Several built-in references are available within the operating system • info more detailed tutorials and examples
What is Linux operating system notes?
Linux® is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a system's hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.What are the 3 main parts of Linux operating system?
In general, the Linux operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell, and the programs.How to learn Linux operating system?
How to Learn Linux: Understanding the Basics
1Find solid resources and learning matieral.2Learn and practice the basics.3Spend time exploring the OS.4Start a project and put your knowledge into practice.5Keep practicing to refine your skills and learn more.- An operating system is a type of system software that manages and controls the resources and computing capability of a computer or a computer network, and provides users a logical interface for accessing the physical computer to execute applications.
INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX INTRODUCTION TO LINUX
OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM
Third School on LHC Physics
TaimoorKhurshid
Exp High Energy Physics Group
National Center for Physics
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
The kernel
!Kernel is heart of Linux OS !It manages resource of Linux OS !Resources means facilities available inLinux. For e.g. Facility
!To store data, Linux operating system consists of Kernel, Shell and File System: !To store data, !Print data on printer, !Memory !File management !Kernel decides who will use resources, for how long and when. !It runs your programs (or set up to execute binary files). !The kernel acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and various programs/application/shell.The Shell
!The shell is a program that acts as an interface between users and kernel !It is a command interpreter and also has programming capability of its own. !Shell TypesLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEMLINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Linux operating system consists of Kernel, Shell and File System: !Shell Types !Bourne Shell (sh) (First shell by Stephen Bourne) !C Shell(sh) !KornShell (ksh) !Bourne Again Shell(bash) !Filename Completion or TAB completion !History -The shell keeps a list of the commands you have typed inFile System
!Linux treats everything as a file including hardware devices.Arranged as a directory hierarchy.
!The top level directory is known as "root (/)".DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS DIFFERENT SHELLS
AVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUXAVAILABLE IN LINUX
ShellProgram
NameDescription
Bourne shell
shThe original shell from AT&T, available on all
UNIX machines
C shell
cshShell developed as part of BSD UNIX
Kornshell
kshAT&T improvement of the Bourne shell
Bourne again
shell bashShell distributed with Linux, version of Bourne
shell that includes command line editing and other nice thingsFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSESFILES AND PROCESSES
!Everything in LINUX is either a file or a process !A process is an executing program identified by a uniquePID (process identifier).
!A file is a collection of data. They are created by users using text editors, running compilers etc. !Examples of files: !Examples of files: !A document (report, essay etc.) !A program text (high-level programming language ) !Instructions: !comprehensible directly to the machine !incomprehensible to a casual user !for example, a collection of binary digits (an executable or binary file); !A directory, containing mixture of other directories and ordinary files.DIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTUREDIRECTORY STRUCTURE
!All the files are grouped together in a directory structure. !The file-system is arranged in a hierarchical structure, like an inverted tree. !The top of the hierarchy is traditionally called root(written as a slash / ) !The full path to the file report.docis "/home/its/ug1/ee51vn/report.doc"DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN LINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUX
Directory: /bin
/bin contains the binaries which are needed to run LINUX.Directory: /boot
/boot has all the files required for booting LINUX on system.Directory: /dev
/dev has the devices for all the files./dev has the devices for all the files.Directory: /etc
/etc contains the configuration files of the various software.Normally no one touch this directory.
Directory: /home
/home is like My Documents in Windows.This contains the username as the sub directory.
Directory: /lib
/lib contains the shared libraries required for the system files.Directory: /lost+found
/lost+found contains the files which are damaged or which are not linked to any directory.These damages are due to the incorrect shutdown.
Directory:/mnt
This is the directory in which we mount the devices and otherDIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN DIRECTORIES IN LINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUX
This is the directory in which we mount the devices and other file systems.Directory: /opt
Here the optional softwares are installed.
Directory: /root
The directory for the user root
LINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDS
Commands tell the operating system to perform set of operations.The syntax form of the commands are
Command options arguments
We can divide Linux commands into following categories !FileHandl ing !TextProce ssing !SystemAdministra tion !ProcessManagement !Archival !Network !FileSyste ms !viCo mmandsLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDSLINUX COMMANDS
!Primary-man(manual)p ages. !manFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLING
mkdir: makedirec toriesUsage:mkdir[OPTIO N]DIRECTORY...
eg.mkdi rLHC_School ls:Usage:ls[OPTION]. ..[FIL E]...
eg.ls, ls-l,lsLHC _School cd: changesdirectoriesUsage:cd[DIRECTOR Y]
eg.cdLH C_SchoolFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLING
pwd: prints the name of current working directoriesUsage:pwd
eg.mkd irLHC_School vim: ViImproved,aprogrammerstexteditor ViImproved,aprogrammerstexteditorUsage:vim[OPTION] [file]...
eg.vim file1.txt cp: copyfil esanddirectorie sUsage:cp[OPTION].. .SOUR CE/ DEST
eg.cpsa mple.tx tsample_copy.txt cpsam ple_copy.txttarget_dirFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLING
mv: move(rename )filesUsage:mv[OPTION]. ..SOUR CE/ DEST
eg.mvsou rce.tx ttarget_dir mvo ld.txtnew.txt rm:rm: removefilesordire ctoriesUsage:rm[OPTION]... [file] ...
eg.rmfi le1.tx t, rm-rfso me_ dirFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLINGFILE HANDLING
find: searchforfilesin adirector yhierarchyUsage:find[OPTION ][path][patt ern]
eg.find file1.txt find-namefile1.txtfind-namefile1.txt history: printsrecentlyus edcommandsUsage:history
A Pattern is an expression that describes a set of strings which is used to give a concise description of a set, without having to list all elements.Example:Example:
ab*cd matches anything that starts with ab and ends with cd etc. ls *.txt -prints all text files rm *.obj -removes all object filesTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSING
cat: concatenatefilesandprint onthestandard output...Usage:cat[OPTION] [FILE]...
eg.catf ile1.txtf ile2.txt cat-nfile1.txtcat-nfile1.txt echo: displayalineoft extUsage: echo[OPTION][string].. .
eg.echoI lovePakist an echo$HOMETEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSING
grep: printlinesmatc hingapatte rnUsage:grep[OPTION ]PATTERN[FILE] ...
eg.grep- iapplesam ple.txt wc: infile s...Usage: wc[OPTION]...[FILE] ...
eg.wcfi le1.txt wc-L file1. txtTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSINGTEXT PROCESSING
sort: sortline softextfilesUsage:sort[OPTION ]...[FILE].. .
eg.sortf ile1.txt sort-rfil e1.txtLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXLINUXFILEFILEFILEFILEFILEFILEFILEFILEPERMIS SIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONSPERMISSIONS
!10bi tformatfrom 'ls-l'command12345678910
filetypeownergroupothers eg.drwxr w-r--meansownerhasallthreeperm issions, grouphasreadandw rite,o thershav eonlyr eadpermission !readpermi ssion-4,write-2,execute-1 eg.rwxrw -r--=764673=r w-r wx-wx
SYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
chmod: changefileaccess permissionsUsage:chmod[OPTION ][MODE][FILE ]
eg.chmod 744calculate. sh chown:Usage: chown[OPTION]...OWNER[:[GRO UP]]FILE...
eg.chow nremomyfile.txt su: changeuserIDo rbecomesuper -userUsage:su[OPTION][L OGIN]
eg.surem o,suSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONSYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
passwd: updateauser' saut henticationtokens(s )Usage:passwd[OP TION]
eg.pas swd who: showwhoisloggedonshowwhoisloggedonquotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27[PDF] linux scanner drivers
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