[PDF] 533 Lecture Notes: Introduction To Polymer Chemistry





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533 Lecture Notes: Introduction To Polymer Chemistry

Polymer:A large molecule (macromolecule) built up by repetitive bonding (covalent) of smaller molecules (monomers) • Generally not a well defined structure or molecular weight • Need to use statistical properties to describe Polymers are formed by linking monomers through chemical reaction — called polymerization



533 Lecture Notes: Introduction To Polymer Chemistry

Polymerization links together many copies of monomers For covalent polymers polymerization involves a transition from weak intermolecular interactions to strong intramolecular bonding Polymerization Linear Homopolymers Monomers Polymer Chemistry Chem 466 Spring 2014 January 14 2014



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polymerization as the most common route to high polymer • To emphasize the importance of stabilization of the charged reactive center on the growing chain • To develop expressions for the average degree of polymerization and molecular weight distribution for anionic polymerization • To introduce the concept of a “living



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Searches related to polymerization ppt filetype:pdf

polymerization occurs within the monomer droplets high productivity (>40 solid) heat production is under control ? 1 3 4 Emulsion Polymerization ingredients: water monomer initiator and stabilizer size of formed polymer particles approx 0 051?m initiator is solubilized in water phase polymerization occurs mainly within the polymer particles ?

How are polymers formed?

    Polymers are formed by linking monomers through chemical reaction — called polymerization. You don’t end up with a unique molecule. i monomers chain of monomers i A ? — (A-A-A )i/3— Homopolymer:all A identical • The most produced/used polymers are homopolymers of terminal alkenes. • Produced by radical polymerization.

What is polymer chemistry?

    5.33 Lecture Notes: Introduction To Polymer Chemistry Polymer:A large molecule (macromolecule) built up by repetitive bonding (covalent) of smaller molecules (monomers) • Generally not a well defined structure, or molecular weight. • Need to use statistical properties to describe.

What are the ingredients of emulsion polymerization?

    1.3.4 Emulsion Polymerization •ingredients: water, monomer, initiator and stabilizer •size of formed polymer particles approx. 0.05?1 ?m •initiator is solubilized in water phase •polymerization occurs mainly within the polymer particles 10

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solution polymerization?

    Solution Polymerization. Advantages: • Solvent acts as a diluent and aids in removal of heat of polymerization. • Solvent reduces viscosity, making processing easier. • Thermal control is easier than in the bulk. Disadvantages: • Chain transfer to solvent occurs, leading to low molecular weights.

Lecture 1:

General Introduction to Polymers

Karen L. Wooley

Departments of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

Texas A&M University

¾Synthetic vs. retrosynthetic analyses

¾Polymers and polymerizations

¾Covalent vs. supramolecular polymers

¾Controlled properties via controlled macromolecular architectures

¾-to-

Sophisticated Plastics

1

1 Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

The Uniqueness and Importance of Polymers

2

Monomers

Reagents

Polymerizations

Transformations

Functional Polymers of

Controlled Architectures

For development of macroscopic to nanoscopic devicesmotivated by applications but driven by fundamentals:

¾ Develop synthetic strategies

¾ Incorporate functions (pollutant clean-up, diagnostics, therapeutics, anti-fouling, etc.) ¾ Conduct rigorous characterization and test performance

Mechanical

Function

Barrier

Function

Signaling

Function

www.oled-display.net www.bernos.org www.homepage.mac.com Sophisticated Plastics Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Synthetic Analysis

of Increasingly Complex Macromolecular Structures 3

Synthetic Approach:

¾Develop chemistries to make polymers

¾Characterize their properties (provides important structure-property information)

¾Determine practical applications

Functional Polymers of

Controlled Architectures

Initiator

n

Monomer

Sequential Controlled Polymerizations

n

Monomer

Block Copolymer

Initiator

Chain End Chemical

Transformation

Controlled Polymerization ( and chain end control)

Chain-Chain Grafting-Onto

(alternate schemes could be easily designed for grafting-from or grafting-through strategies) n

Monomer

Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Retrosynthetic Analysis

of Increasingly Complex Macromolecular Structures 4

Retrosynthetic Approach:

¾Identify desired physical, chemical and mechanical properties ¾Design macromolecules that are expected to possess those properties (knowledge of structure-property relationships is critical) ¾Design retrosynthetic strategies by which to produce those macromolecules

Initiator

Sequential

Controlled

Polymerizations

www.oled-display.net

Functional Polymers of

Controlled Architectures

Initiator and terminator

(provides the and chain ends) n

Monomer

n

Monomer

Grafting-through Polymerization

n

Monomer

Growth of a Diblock Copolymer

from a Graft Block Copolymer Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014 Direct Synthetic vs. Retrosynthetic Approaches to the Preparation of Increasingly Complex Macromolecular Structures 5

Direct Synthetic Approach:

¾Develop chemistries to make polymers

¾Characterize their properties (provides important structure-property information)

¾Determine practical applications

Retrosynthetic Approach:

¾Identify desired physical, chemical and mechanical properties ¾Design macromolecules that are expected to possess those properties (knowledge of structure-property relationships is critical) ¾Design retro-synthetic strategies by which to produce those macromolecules Both strategies are important to polymer / materials chemistry Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Polymers and Polymerizations

6

¾mers

(many repeat units)

¾Monomers are often small

molecules (otherwise macromonomer

¾Polymerization links together

many copies of monomers

¾For covalent polymers,

polymerization involves a transition from weak intermolecular interactions to strong intramolecular bonding

Polymerization

Linear

Homopolymers

Monomers

Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Polymers and Polymerizations

7

¾Growth of polymer chains

results in changes in physical properties

¾Demo: Beads in flasks

¾Example: Increasing

oligomeric to polymeric styrene chain lengths (increasing n)

Mp = 580 Da = peak molecular weight

DPn ~ 6 = number-average degree of polymerization

(by size exclusion chromatography, e.g.)

Viscous oil

Mp = 7000 Da

DPn ~ 70

Glassy material/powder

Mp

970 Da

Mp

1340 Da

Mp

1680 Da

Mp

2050 Da

Mp

5050 Da

Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Polymers and Polymerizations

8

¾Copolymers can also be

formed

¾Statistical (random) copolymers

¾Alternating copolymers

¾Block copolymers

¾Gradient copolymers

¾The properties can be quite

different for each type

¾Monomer compositions

¾Intramolecular characteristics

¾Intermolecular interactions

Linear

Block

Copolymer

Linear

Alternating

Copolymer

Polymer Chemistry, Chem 466, Spring 2014, January 14, 2014

Covalent vs. SupramolecularStaudinger

9

Hermann Staudinger (1881-1965)

1953, Nobel Prize in Chemistry,

confirmation of their existence as covalent chain molecules vs. colloidal systems or aggregates of smaller molecules

H. Ringsdorfquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23

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