Cosmic strings appear in the form of carrying energy, resulting from the symmetry breaking phase transition in the early Universe.
Through gravitational interactions, they serve as seed of structure formation attracting their neighbouring matter..
Gravitational-wave emission is the main mechanism for cosmic strings to dissipate energy.
When a string in a cosmic string network crosses itself, a loop separates from the string.
Once formed, a loop is doomed.
It oscillates, radiates gravitationally, shrinks and eventually evaporates..
These cosmic strings stretch from one end of the observable universe to the other and are one-dimensional defects in space-time itself.
As the universe grows, the strings grow right along with it, because they are simply a part of the underlying fabric of space.
So, as space-time expands, so do the strings..
String theory is a framework that physicists use to describe how forces usually conceptualized on a gigantic level, like gravity, could affect tiny objects like electrons and protons..
String theory is a collection of ideas in theoretical physics in which the fundamental building-blocks of nature are not particles (such as the point-like electron) but instead strings.
Imagine microscopic wiggling rubber bands..
Instead of treating subatomic particles as the fundamental building blacks of matter, string theory says that everything is made of unbelievably tiny strings, whose vibrations produce effects that we interpret as atoms, electrons and quarks..
String theory is the idea that everything in the universe, every particle of light and matter, is comprised of miniscule vibrating strings.
These strings are truly tiny, many billions of times smaller than an individual proton within an atomic nucleus..
