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The Research and Technology

Organization (RTO) of NATO

RTO is the single focus in NATO for Defence Research and Technology activities. Its mission is to conduct and promote

cooperative research and information exchange. The objective is to support the development and effective use of national

defence research and technology and to meet the military needs of the Alliance, to maintain a technological lead, and to

provide advice to NATO and national decision makers. The RTO performs its mission with the support of an extensive

network of national experts. It also ensures effective coordination with other NATO bodies involved in R&T activities.

RTO reports both to the Military Committee of NATO and to the Conference of National Armament Directors. It comprises a

Research and Technology Board (RTB) as the highest level of national representation and the Research and Technology

Agency (RTA), a dedicated staff with its headquarters in Neuilly, near Paris, France. In order to facilitate contacts with the

military users and other NATO activities, a small part of the RTA staff is located in NATO Headquarters in Brussels. The

Brussels staff also coordinates RTO"s cooperation with nations in Middle and Eastern Europe, to which RTO attaches

particular importance especially as working together in the field of research is one of the more promising areas of initial

cooperation. The total spectrum of R&T activities is covered by the following 7 bodies:

AVT Applied Vehicle Technology Panel

HFM Human Factors and Medicine Panel

IST Information Systems Technology Panel

NMSG NATO Modelling and Simulation Group

SAS Studies, Analysis and Simulation Panel

SCI Systems Concepts and Integration Panel

SET Sensors and Electronics Technology Panel

These bodies are made up of national representatives as well as generally recognised ‘world class" scientists. They also

provide a communication link to military users and other NATO bodies. RTO"s scientific and technological work is carried

out by Technical Teams, created for specific activities and with a specific duration. Such Technical Teams can organise

workshops, symposia, field trials, lecture series and training courses. An important function of these Technical Teams is to

ensure the continuity of the expert networks.

RTO builds upon earlier cooperation in defence research and technology as set-up under the Advisory Group for Aerospace

Research and Development (AGARD) and the Defence Research Group (DRG). AGARD and the DRG share common roots

in that they were both established at the initiative of Dr Theodore von K´arm´an, a leading aerospace scientist, who early on

recognised the importance of scientific support for the Allied Armed Forces. RTO is capitalising on these common roots in

order to provide the Alliance and the NATO nations with a strong scientific and technological basis that will guarantee a

solid base for the future. The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by RTO or the authors.

Published March 2001

Copyright RTO/NATO2001

All Rights Reserved

ISBN 92-837-1052-5Printed by St. Joseph Ottawa/Hull (A St. Joseph Corporation Company)

45 Sacr´e-Cœur Blvd., Hull (Qu´ebec), Canada J8X 1C6

ii Theme

Techniques and technologies for highly automated reconnaissance of and defense against airborne threats for

mobile Crisis Reaction Forces.

The disappearance of a direct threat in the wake of the end of East-West confrontation will change the way and

direction of innovations in defense technology. New threats develop from the increasing proliferation of military

products and know-how in politically unstable countries. NATO will have to react to the resulting changes in

security policy ± possibly also by order of the UN.

In this connection, the ability of mobile Crisis Reaction Forces (CRF) to defend against airborne threats plays an

important role. This requires highly automated system components for reconnaissance of and defense against

such threats. The treatment of the items included in the Symposium Topics list given below is aimed at

elaborating and mastering the techniques and technologies needed for this purpose.

For reasons of

· multinational composition of CRF

· interoperability of systems

· shortage of individual national resources

a multinational approach is indispensable.

The symposium's goal is to describe techniques and technologies viable for the lay-out and design of operational

air defense systems that meet multinational requirements.

Symposium Topics:

· Description of typical scenarios

· Enabling Technologies for Air Defense Systems

± Sensors (IR, RADAR, UV, LASER)

± Sensor Fusion

± Pointing and Tracking

± Soft Computing, Information Processing

± High Level knowledge-based (KB) Automation

± Data-Link, communication

· System Architecture and Mechanization

· Man-Machine Interface, Visualization techniques · Interface with Weapon Systems and higher level Battlefield Management

· Systems Design for Interoperability

vii

ThÁeme

Techniques et technologies pour la reconnaissance hautement automatisÂee et la dÂefense contre la menace

aÂerienne pour des forces mobiles d'intervention en situation de crise.

La disparition de la menace directe, rÂesultant de la fin de la confrontation entre les AlliÂes et les pays de l'ancien

Pacte de Varsovie, en aura pour effet de modifier l'orientation et la nature des innovations en matiÁere de

technologies de dÂefense. De nouvelles menaces sont en train de naÃõtre avec la prolifÂeration dans des pays

politiquement instables de matÂeriel et de savoir militaires. L'OTAN devra rÂeagir aux changements de politique

en matiÁere de sÂecuritÂe qui en rÂesulteront ± Âeventuellement sous les ordres des Nations-Unies.

Dans cet esprit, pour une force mobile d'intervention en situation de crise (CRF) pouvoir se dÂefendre contre des

menaces aÂeriennes est d'une importance capitale. Une telle dÂefense nÂecessite des composants systÁeme hautement

automatisÂes. L'examen des sujets figurant sur la liste des thÁemes du symposium qui suit, doit permettre

d'Âelaborer et de maÃõtriser les techniques et les technologies nÂecessaires.

Pour des raisons de :

· composition internationale des CRF (Crisis Reaction Force)

· interopÂerabilitÂe des systÁemes

· manque de moyens nationaux

une approche internationale s'avÁere indispensable.

Le symposium a pour objectif de prÂesenter les techniques et technologies prÂeconisÂees pour la dÂefinition et

l'implantation de systÁemes opÂerationnels de dÂefense aÂerienne susceptibles de rÂepondre aux exigences

internationales.

ThÁemes du Symposium :

· descriptions de scÂenarios types

· technologies adaptÂees aux systÁemes de dÂefense antiaÂerienne

± capteurs (IR, RADAR, UV, LASER)

± fusionnement des donnÂees capteurs

± pointage et pistage

± logiciels et traitement de l'information

± automatisation de haut niveau Áa base de connaissances KB (Knowledge Based)

± liaisons de donnÂees, communications

· architectures de systÁemes et mÂecanisation · interfaces homme-machine, techniques de visualisation · interfaces avec systÁemes d'armes et gestion ÂelaborÂee du champ de bataille · conception systÁemes pour interopÂerabilitÂe viii

Acknowledgements

The Systems Concepts and Integration Panel wishes to express its thanks to the National Authorities of Spain for

the invitation to hold this symposium in their country. ix

Systems Concepts and Integration Panel

Chairman: Vice-Chairman:

Dr Edwin B. STEAR Prof. Luis M.B. da Costa CAMPOS

Institute for Defense Analysis Instituto Superior Tecnico

1801 North Beauregard Street Torre-6o Pais

Alexandria, VA 22311-1772 Avenida Rovisco Pais

United States 1049-001 Lisboa Codex

Portugal

TECHNICAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

Dr Edwin B. STEAR Prof. N. ALEMDAROGLU

Institute for Defense Analysis Middle East Technical University

1801 North Beauregard Street Aeronautical Engineering Dept.

Alexandria, VA 22311-1772 InÈonÈu Bulvari

United States 06531 Ankara

Turkey

Dr.-Ing. L. CROVELLA Dr A. LEVIS

ALENIA Aeronautica George Mason University

Caselle Torineses C3I Center, Mail Stop N4D2

10072 Torino Fairfax, VA 22030-4444

Italy United States

Dr A. MATEO-PALACIOS Mr J. TITLEY

INTADanish Defence Research Establishment

Carretera Torrejon-Ajalvir, Km. 4 Ryvangs AllÂe, 1

28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid Postboks 2715

Spain 2100 é Copenhagen

Denmark

Prof.Dr. H. WINTER Mr W.C. CLIFFORD

Institut fÈur FlugfÈuhrung DERA Fort Halstead German Aerospace Center (DLR) Weapons Systems Sector Deutsches Forschungsanstalt fÈur Luft und Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BP

Raumfahrt e.V. Flughafen United Kingdom

Postfach 3267

38022 Braunschweig

Germany

HOST NATION COORDINATOR

Mr F. MERIDA MARTIN

INTA (Delegacion NATO)

Carretera Torrejon-Ajalvir, Km. 4

28850 Torrejon De Ardoz, Madrid

Spain

PANEL EXECUTIVE

LTC Scott CAMPBELL, USA

RTA

BP 25, 7, rue Ancelle

F-92201 Neuilly-sur-Seine

France

Fax: 33 1 55 61 22 98

x

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