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The latest in cotton RD&E

brought to you by

CRDC and CottonInfo

Cotton Pest Management Guide

2020-21

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COTTON PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE 2020-21 3

Contents...

Foreword 4

Index of tables

4 INDEX

Index 148

DISEASES

Integrated Disease Management 102

Regional disease update 2019-20

104

Common diseases of cotton

109

Cotton disease control options

118

Sponsored by -

Cover photos courtesy Susan Maas and Timothy Green.

PGRs & DEFOLIANTS

Cotton growth regulators and defoliants 119Sponsored by -

Sponsored by -

BIOSECURITY

Biosecurity - we all have a responsibility 122

Come Clean. Go Clean.

125
Exotic pests and diseases of greatest threat to Australian cotton 126

INSECTS

Impact of insecticides and miticides on benecials and bees 5

Management of key insect and mite pests

12

Integrated Pest Management in cotton

51
Insecticide Resistance Management Strategy for 2020-21 56
Preamble to the Bollgard 3 Resistance Management Plan 67

Bollgard 3 Resistance Management Plan

74

Unsprayed pigeon pea refuge agronomy

77

Sponsored by -Sponsored by -Sponsored by -

Sponsored by -

Sponsored by -

Management of volunteer and ratoon cotton 79

VOLUNTEER & RATOON COTTON

Sponsored by -

Getting the best out of your spay application 129

Use of pesticides

1 36

Pesticides and the environment

1 41

Pesticides and bees

1 43

Re-entry periods after spraying

1 46
Withholding periods (WHP) after pesticide application 1 47

SPRAY APPLICATION

Sponsored by -

WEEDS Herbicide resistance management in Australian cotton 83

Herbicide Resistance Management Strategy

88
W eed management tactics 91

Cotton weed control options

98

Herbicide tolerant technology

98

Sponsored by -

4 COTTON PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE 2020-21

Foreword

Susan Maas and Ruth Redfern,

CRDC and CottonInfo

Welcome to the 2020-21 Cotton Pest Management Guide. This Guide provides you with a comprehensive summary of the key cotton crop protection issues, and is brought to you by the organisations responsibl e for cotton industry research, development and extension (RD&E): the Cotton Research and Development Corporation (CRDC) and CottonInfo. CRDC invests in RD&E projects for the Australian cotton industry. A partnership between the Australian cotton industry and the Australian Government, CRDC exists to enhance the industry"s performance. In 2020-

21, CRDC will invest $18.7 million into RD&E projects on behalf of growe

rs and the Government, in collaboration with around 100 research partners. CottonInfo is an initiative of CRDC, along with industry partners Cotton Australia and Cotton Seed Distributors. It is designed to connect you - our cotton growers and consultants - with research and provide you with information, when and where you need it. The CottonInfo team takes the research and development invested in by CRDC and turns it into practical information and knowledge, applicable to you and your farm. CottonInfo integrates closely with the industry"s best management practice program, myBMP, supported by Cotton Australia and CRDC, which sets the industry"s best practice performance criteria and provides a framework by which growers can participate in, and be accredited in, best practice. We hope you find this year"s Cotton Pest Management Guide a valuable and informative reference. This year, we have again partnered with our fellow key industry organisation, Crop Consultants Australia (CCA), on the development of this Guide. This partnership sees the continuation of the Technical Review Panel to review the Guide, provide technical expertise, and to ensure it remai ns as useful as possible for both growers and consultants. Each section of the guide has been reviewed and highlights for this year"s update include:

A handy new pull-out guide featuring T

able 3: Impacts of insecticides and miticides on beneficials and bees. This guide has always been the source of IPM best practice information, and now, this pull-out table will make decision making easier.

A section on Fall armyworm (F

AW) with key tips to help with

identification. FAW was detected for the first time in Australia"s far north in January 2020, and while it"s too early to know for certain how this pest will behave in Australia, these identification tips will help you spot i t.

An updated disease sur

vey summary, with greater depth of analysis helping to highlight best practice and conditions that are conducive to disease. This Guide, along with its sister publication, the Australian Cotton Production Manual, are two of the key ways that CRDC and CottonInfo get the latest in cotton industry RD&E out to the industry each year. The Australian Cotton Production Manual contains additional information on spray application and integrated pest, weed and disease management and is available to download from the CottonInfo and CRDC websites ( www. cottoninfo.com.au/publications or www.crdc.com.au/publications). Remember, the CottonInfo team of regional extension officers, technical leads and my BMP experts are standing by to assist you with all your cotton information needs (you can find our contact details on the inside back cover). You can also find information from the CottonInfo team online at our website ( www.cottoninfo.com.au ), while best practice information for your

Table DescriptionPage

Table 1Seasonal activity plan for IPM 6

Table 2Impact of insecticides at planting or as seed treatments on key bene?cial groups in cotton8 Table 3Impact of insecticides and miticides on predators, parasitoids and bees in cotton10-11

Table 4Control of aphids 16

Table 5Control of green vegetable bug 22

Table 6Control of

Helicoverpa26

Table 7Control of mealybug 27

Table 8Mirid thresholds 31

Table 9Control of mirids 32

Table 10Control of wireworm 36

Table 11Y ield reduction caused by mites41

Table 12Control of two-spotted spider mites 42

Table 13Control of thrips 43

Table 14Control of silverleaf white?y 46

Table 15Control of cotton leafhopper 50

Table 16Control of rough bollworm 50

Table 17Control of pink spotted bollworm 50

Table 18Friends in the ?eld 54

Table 19Insecticide groups with resistance rating66 Table 20Herbicides available for use in pigeon pea (registered or permit number Per13758)78 Table 21Herbicides that have registration for control of volunteer cotton80 Table 22Herbicides that have registration for control of large

15 to 30 node volunteer cotton and ratoon cotton80

Table 23Herbicide plant-backs from rotation crops to cotton 94 Table 24Plant-backs to cotton for herbicides used in seedbed preparation95 Table 25Herbicides with unknown plant-back periods to cotton95 Table 26Cotton herbicide plant-backs to rotation crops 96

Table 27Control of weeds in dr y channels98

Table 28Registered cotton herbicides - fallow , at planting, in crop - including resistance rankingd and frequency101 Table 29Fungicides for use in cotton under permit 118 Table 30Plant growth regulators and cotton defoliation products 120

Table 31Agricultural decontaminants 124

Table 32Common insecticides with label re-entr y periods146 Table 33Withholding period after application for common chemicals147 farm is available at the my

BMP website (

www.mybmp.com.au ). And you can find information about all of CRDC"s investments online at the CRDC website ( www.crdc.com.au). On behalf of CRDC and CottonInfo, thank you to the team of authors, reviewers and contributors from across the cotton research community and the wider industry for their invaluable assistance with this publication. Our particular thanks to CCA Executive Officer Fiona Anderson, CCA project lead Vivienne McCollum, and the CCA Technical Review Panel members Bill Back, Elle Storrier, Sam Simons and Peter White for their input and guidance. Impact of insecticides & miticides on beneficials & bees - sponsored by

Impact of

insecticides and miticides on beneficials and bees

Susan Maas,

CRDC S uccessful pest management aims to keep pest populations to levels that do not cause economic damage, to maintain profitability year after year and to preserve a healthy environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a concept developed in response to problems with managing pests, insecticide resistance and environmenta l contamination. The basic concept of IPM is to use knowledge of pest biology, behaviour and ecology to implement a range of tactics throughout the year in an integrated way that suppresses and reduces their populati ons. This systems approach considers tactics to suppress or avoid pests acros s the farm and surrounding areas, and tactics to manage pest and beneficia l insect populations in the crop, including the responsible use of insecti cides. Table 1 outlines seasonal activity for an IPM program. Because all pests have other animals that eat them, such as predators or parasites (known as beneficials or natural enemies), building and conserving populations of beneficials is at the heart of IPM. To conserve natural enemies, a pest management decision needs to be well informed, supported by good sampling, valid control thresholds and knowledge of th e beneficials present and their activity.

For more information on IPM refer to page 51.

Choose insecticides wisely to conserve

bene?cials IPM strategies aim to balance the contribution of beneficials with the need to protect the crop from significant loss. Where insecticide contro l is warranted (based on industry recommended monitoring and threshold pages 12-50), selection should be based on: How effective they are on the pest (to ensure adequate control). Their risk (selectivity) to the beneficial population and to bees (to conserve beneficials) (refer Tables 2 and 3 page 8-11). Allowable usage with regard to the Insecticide Resistance Management Strategy (IRMS) (to manage resistance) pages 63-66). Consideration should also be given to rate, application technique and other products (e.g. adjuvants that help plant up take or efficacy agai nst pest or other actives that can either improve or hinder efficacy) used in tank mix so as to maximise effectiveness against pest while minimising impact on beneficials. Some insecticides are very selective and have little impact on beneficial insects (often referred to as ‘soft"), while others are highly d isruptive to beneficial populations (‘broadspectrum" or ‘hard"). The re lative selectivity of all insecticides available for use in cotton can be found in Table 2 (Impact of insecticides at planting or as seed treatments on key beneficial grou ps

in cotton) page 8 and Table 3 (Impact of insecticides and miticides on predators, parasitoids and bees in cotton) pages 10-11. The selectivity

of the insecticide helps to assess the risk that if, following its use, pop ulations of other pests may ‘flare" (increase rapidly). The table has lar gely been developed based on industry funded research. In addition to detailing general selectivity, Tables 2 and 3 list product"s selectivity relative to the types of beneficials you have and want to co nserve. For example if making a pest control decision when mealybugs are present it would be useful to look for insecticides that have less effect on par asitic wasps and key predators such as ladybird beetles and lacewing. It is important to note that for many products, Table 3 considers rate as well as product. Lower registered rates of a product may provide suffici ent efficacy against some target pests, while minimising impact on beneficia ls. It is also very important to note that the data supporting this table on product disruptiveness is based on results after a single application, and multiple applications of a product with a low rank can still have a cumulative disruptive impact. In selecting an insecticide, it is also important to adhere to the IRMS (pages 63-66), to reduce the risk of resistance. Always follow label directions.

INSECTS

2020-21 5

DISCLAIMER

This document has been prepared by the authors for CRDC in good faith on the basis of available information. While the information contained in the document has been fo rmulated with all due care, the users of the document must obtain their own advice and conduct their own investigations and assessments of any proposals they are considering, in the light of their own individual circumstances. The document is made available on the understanding that the CRDC, the a uthors and the publisher, their respective servants and agents accept no representation, statement or information whet her expressed or implied in the document, and disclaim all liability for any loss, dam age, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information c laimed in the document or by

reason of any error, omission, defect or mis-statement (whether such error, omission or mis-statement is

caused by or arises from negligence, lack of care or otherwise). Whilst the information is considered true and correct as at June 30, 202

0, changes in circumstances

after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of the informat ion. The information may change without notice and the CRDC, the authors and the publisher and their res pective servants and agents are not in any way liable for the accuracy of any information contained in t his document. Recognising that some of the information is provided by third parties, t he CRDC, the authors and the

publisher take no responsibility for the accuracy, currency, reliability and correctness of any information

included in the document provided by third parties. The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the understa nding that no preference between equivalent products is intended and that the inclusion of a prod uct does not imply endorsement by CRDC over any other equivalent product from another manufacturer.

All work in this publication is copyright - however, CRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research.

In line with the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, info rmation in this publication can be used for personal, educational or any other non-commercial purposes, providing CRDC is clearly acknowledged. Information used for any other purpose must only be done s o with the prior written permission of CRDC. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and r ights should be addressed to the CRDC Communications Manager.

ISSN 1442-8462

Production by Greenmount Press, 2020

Bollgard, Bollgard II, Bollgard III, Roundup Ready FLEX, Roundup Ready P

LUS and PLANTSHIELD are

registered trademarks of the Bayer Group.

INSECTS

6 COTTON PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE 2020-21

IMPORTANT - Use an integrated approach to pest management. For more informa tion on Integrated Pest Management Guidelines for Australian cotton refer to page 47.

TABLE 1: Seasonal activity plan for IPM

Overwinter/Planning Planting - first flowerFlower - first open boll Open cotton - Harvest

Develop an

IPM strategy

Review last season"s IPM

approach.

Communicate IPM goals

and pesticide application management plan (PAMP) for the

coming season.Good record keeping supports PAMP, regulatory requirements and allows end of season assessment of IPM strategy.

Know your

enemyGet the latest guides and IPM related information. Participate in IPM training, eld days, or workshops: Contact your lo cal CottonInfo Regional Extension Ofcer (REO) (see inside back cover for contact details) to join mailing list or go to www.cottoninfo.com.au/subscribe

Take a

year round approachManage winter crops carefully to avoid disrupting benecial populations.

Plan ahead to ensure insecticides

are available.Consider the summer cropping plan and pest risk. Begin planning for rotation crops. Reduce pest risk for next season by considering rotation crop type and location.

Think beyond

the cropParticipate in Area Wide Management (AWM) all year round.

Apply IPM to all crops.

Consider rotation crops (type, location, and potential to host pests an d disease). Establish and maintain communication with bee keepers in the region.

Avoid spray drift.

Consider native vegetation as part of pest management. Maximise its valu e by improving its health, linking patches of vegetatio n, controlling weeds and keeping it diverse for a range of species (including birds an d bats).

Have good

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