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State of the Water

Industry

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Optimism prevails in resilient water sector

Despite pandemic, positive trend continues

During a year underscored by the global COVID-19

challenges to deliver safe, reliable water and sanitation services to the public. This resilience within the water sector is underscored by a record level of optimism recorded in the 2021 State of the Water Industry (SOTWI) report. The report is based on an annual survey of North American water professionals conducted by the American Water

Works Association (AWWA) between September

and November 2020.

Despite the pandemic, as well as extreme weather

events and other 2020 challenges, survey participants on average rated the current overall health of the water industry at 5.24 on a scale of 1 (not sound) to 7 (very sound), the most optimistic in the 17 years of the SOTWI survey. Using the same scale, they also rated

As shown in the graph below:

The 5.24 rating for the sector's current overall health is the fourth consecutive increase since the low of 4.34 in 2017. years also is the highest in the history of the survey and the fourth consecutive increase since the low of

4.34 in 2017.AWARENESS AND PREPARATION

AWWA's annual survey, launched in 2004, is a

self-assessment of the sector's ongoing ability to safeguard public health, support and strengthen communities, and protect the environment. The

SOTWI report is intended to help water utilities,

service providers, regulators and researchers identify and prepare for challenges, opportunities and trends impacting the water community.

The 2021 report, highlighted in this Executive

Summary, compiles data from 3,021 survey

participants on water sector issues including infrastructure, emergency preparedness, regulatory compliance and water resources management.

This year's report also investigates the impacts

of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic on the water sector. 5.40 5.20 5.00 4.80 4.60 4.40 4.20 4.00

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

State of the Water Industry:

All respondents 2004-2021 (n = 2,916)

"I attributed last year's rise in optimism to an 'accumulation effect.' In other words, as we accumulate knowledge and experience to solve modern-day water challenges, we become more optimistic about the current and future health of the water sector. This year's continuing upward trend-especially during a pandemic-reinforces this theory in our ability to work together on solutions.

As a result, we know we can support a

better world through better water."

David LaFrance, CEO, AWWA

Optimism

"The rise in optimism from water leaders doesn't surprise me at all. The pandemic and the response to natural disasters in many regions also inspired us to shake off the "we have always done it that way" mentality. In some ways we've leapt 10 years ahead of where we might have been. Working from home for those who can? Check. New ways of working, and new processes? Check. And as water professionals storms can attest, there is nothing like a real-life disaster that needs to be addressed with funding and infrastructure so it never happens again.

Check. We've always been resilient, but what the

last year reinforced is that we are adaptable too, and that's a pretty unbeatable combination."

Melissa Elliott, President, AWWA

Full report available at awwa.org/SOTWI

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Emergency preparedness jumps in importance

For the ninth straight year, survey participants ranked the water sector's two most pressing challenges as:

Renewal and replacement of aging water and

wastewater infrastructure, No. 1

Financing for capital improvements, No. 2

Given the events of the past year, it's not surprising that "emergency preparedness" made the biggest leap in this year's ranking, up from No. 8 last year to No. 4 in the

2021 report.

Altogether, survey participants from small, medium and large utilities similarly ranked the top six challenges. Beyond these issues, very large utility participants placed a high priority on compliance with current and future regulations. Smaller utilities were more concerned with public understanding of the value of water systems, services and resources. At right is a list of the top 20 issues impacting the water sector compiled from survey data.

COMPLEX ISSUES, VARIED SOLUTIONS

of how water utilities address and pay for the replace- ment of aging infrastructure. The water community, along with public and private partners, continues to

Innovation Act (WIFIA) became law in 2014 due

in part to the efforts of AWWA and its members.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),

which runs the program, reported in March 2021 that WIFIA had closed on 46 loans, providing in water infrastructure projects in total and created

47,000 jobs.

reauthorized WIFIA and the Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving Funds through Sept. 30, 2021, of 2021, Congress began work on bills to reauthorize WIFIA and the state revolving loan fund programs with Administration's infrastructure plan was not introduced at the time of the survey, early proposals include $56 billion in grants and loans to upgrade and modernize water systems, $45 billion for lead service line replacement and $10 billion to monitor and remediate PFAS. Congress introduced several bills in early 2021 aimed at increasing federal support for upgrading the nation's water infrastructure.

LEARN MORE:

M

29 Water Utility Capital Financing

Source Water Protection Toolkit

AWWA Water Infrastructure Conference

AWWA/WEF Utility Management Conference

"The aging infrastructure of Great Lakes

Water Authority continues to deteriorate,

raising maintenance and repair costs. To build resiliency, we are simultaneously working to meet stringent standards for safe and clean drinking water while investing in the maintenance and renewal of critical infrastructure that is vital to our community. By prioritizing water provide stability while continuing to protect our water quality."

Great Lakes Water Authority

Infrastructure

Issues Facing the Water Industry in 2021

2021 RankingWater Sector Challenge

1 Renewal and replacement of aging water and wastewater infrastructure

2Financing for capital improvements

3Long-term water supply availability

4Emergency preparedness

5 Public understanding of the value of water systems and services

6Watershed/source water protection

7Public understanding of the value of water resources

8Aging workforce/anticipated retirements

9Compliance with current regulations

10Groundwater management and overuse

11Compliance with future regulations

12Cybersecurity issues

13 cost of service)

14Talent attraction and retention

15Asset management

17Drought or periodic water shortages

18 Improving customer, constituent, and community relationships

19Data management

20Water loss control

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

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Pandemic

Pandemic triggers unprecedented challenges

Workforce, operations, revenue, supplies impacted

As COVID-19 spread across borders in early 2020,

people were advised to stay home, social distance and wash hands frequently. The water community overcame unprecedented challenges to sustain business operations, provide safe and reliable water and wastewater services and protect their essential workers. To help gauge how member organizations were adapting to the pandemic, AWWA conducted four surveys in 2020. The Association also partnered with the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies and Raftelis to provide a report, "The Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on

U.S. Drinking Water Utilities."

The table below shows how utility participants ranked a set of business challenges caused by the pandemic in the second quarter (Q2) of 2020 and then again in Q3. In general, the critical nature of the challenges lessened over time, except for operator licensing, which saw a slight increase.SHARING CRITICAL INFORMATION As the pandemic evolved, the water sector provided important and ongoing information to the public and other key stakeholders about the safety and reliability of water services. Utilities turned to a variety of communication platforms to engage their communities. the effectiveness of their utility's communication on the safety of water and reliability of water services during the pandemic. More than 60% found their utility's website and monthly billing effective to very effective, followed by social media engagement.

LEARN MORE:

First AWWA COVID-19 survey

Second AWWA COVID-19 survey

Third AWWA COVID-19 survey

Fourth AWWA COVID-19 survey

The Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis

on U.S. Drinking Water Utilities

Responding to Water Stagnation in Buildings

with Reduced or No Water Use: A Framework for Building Managers

Trending in an Instant: A Risk Communication

Guide for Water Utilities

60.6%
60.3%
44.0%
37.4%
47.9%

54.9%Website

Monthly billing

Mass media

(television, radio, ...

Press conferences

Print and/or electronic...

Social media

engagement

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

Effectiveness of various platforms for utility communication Ranking of challenges to sustaining business operations for Q2 and Q3 2020

Q2 RankChallengeQ3 RankChallenge

1Disruption in supply chain for personal protective equipment1Disruption in supply chain for personal protective equipment

3Lack of options for operators to get CEUs to keep license current3Lack of options for operators to get CEUs to keep license current

4Continuity of operations due to absenteeism4Continuity of operations due to absenteeism

7Being able to hold required public board meetings7Being able to hold required public board meetings

8Disruption in supply chain for other materials besides treatment chemicals8Disruption in supply chain for other materials besides treatment chemicals

9Disruption in supply chain for treatment chemicals9Disruption in supply chain for treatment chemicals

10Delay of mandated equipment repairs10Delay of mandated equipment repairs

CEU - continuing education unit

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

"Thanks to round-the-clock response planning and execution, Des Moines

Water Works operated at full capacity

during all phases of the pandemic, in the nation to sequester personnel in campers on-site to ensure their health water to the public. We updated our plan daily in response to new science and unforeseen challenges."

Ted Corrigan, Des Moines Water Works

CEO & General Manager

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Preparedness

Preparedness and resiliency planning on track

Cybersecurity an increasing concern

Challenges faced by the water community in 2020 went beyond the pandemic to include extreme events such The National Centers for Environmental Information recorded 22 weather and climate events during the year, with losses exceeding $1 trillion, a single-year record. Because of the essential nature of its business, the water sector is well-prepared and practiced at planning for routine and extreme events and had been focused on emergency preparedness and resilience prior to 2020.

This was prompted in part by requirements of the

America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) of 2018.

These provisions include:

Community water systems serving more than

3,300 people must prepare a risk and resilience

assessment considering threats from malevolent acts and natural hazards, and These utilities must also develop an emergency plan addressing these threats to lessen the impact on the health, safety and supply of drinking water.

The table above shows compliance deadlines for

these provisions. Survey participants indicated they are on schedule for meeting the AWIA requirements:

93% of utility respondents said they had fully

developed or were developing an emergency response plan

80% said they had fully implemented or were in

the process of implementing a risk and resilience assessment Nearly 53% of utility respondents said their utility had mutual aid or collaboration with nearby utility systems fully implemented before the pandemic

CYBERATTACKS A SERIOUS THREAT

The survey also highlighted the growing criticality of cybersecurity within the water sector. This issue increased in the ranking of top water sector challenges to No. 12 from No. 16 in 2020. Even though the survey was completed before the highly publicized February

2021 cyberattack on a Florida water system, prior

instances of ransomware attacks and data breaches have demonstrated the need for water utilities to be vigilant in preventing similar attacks. Asked whether their utility was planning, revising or assessing information technology needs to defend against a cyber intrusion:

20% of survey participants said their utility had fully

implemented some form of plan to address cyber intrusion

20% said their utility was assessing its cyber

intrusion needs

LEARN MORE:

Emergency Preparedness and Response for Water Utilities DVD Security and Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities Emergency Power Source Planning for Water and Wastewater M19 Emergency Planning Water and Wastewater Utilities

M60 Drought Preparedness and Response

Cybersecurity Risk & Responsibility Guide

Cybersecurity Guidance

Deadlines for complying with AWIA risk and resilience provisions

Population Served*Estimated Number

of Impacted Community Water SystemsRisk and Resilience Assessment, Before Emergency Response Plan

ũ594

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

"We take emergency preparation and response seriously at San Antonio Water

System. From disaster planning exercises

to installing electrical heat wraps on infrastructure to actually stationing staff at critical pump stations in advance of severe weather, we aim to be prepared for every contingency. We also learn from every storm, including the most recent freeze which presented new challenges from a prolonged, system-wide loss of power standpoint."

Robert Puente, President & CEO,

San Antonio Water System

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Regulatory

Regulatory compliance an ongoing concern

PFAS, lead and copper top water challenges

The water sector's ability to comply with regulations and health advisories requires extensive attention and the current focus is on addressing per- and drinking water. in the 2021 report:

Compliance with current regulations, No. 9

(No. 5 among very large utility respondents)

Compliance with future regulations, No. 11

(No. 6 among very large utility respondents) All survey participants were asked about their levels of concern regarding the water sector's ability to comply with current regulations and health advisories. The table to the right summarizes their responses.

PFOA/PFOS was determined to be the top concern

for the second consecutive year. Lead and copper was second highest, moving up from No. 7 in last year's report. The EPA released its long-awaited revision of the Lead and Copper Rule in January 2021, as former U.S. Pres ident Trump's administration was completing its work In March 2021, under the Biden Administration, EPA published two Federal Register notices related to revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule.

Lead and Copper Rule by three months to June 17.

The second is a proposed rule on extending the effective date an additional six months, to Dec. 16, and to extend the current compliance date by nine months to Sept. 16, 2024.Of the utility survey participants:

79% said their utility has fully implemented

or is in the process of implementing a lead service line replacement program.

LEARN MORE:

Source Water Evaluation Guide for PFAS

Summary of PFAS Toxicological Research

Lead Communications Toolkit

ANSI/AWWA C810, Replacement and Flushing of Lead Services Lines Regulatory concerns ranked by all survey respondents ContaminantWeighted Average% Extremely ConcernedAll Respondents (n = )

PFOA/PFOS3.1417.62,136

Lead and copper3.2314.02,336

Nonpoint source pollution3.2112.52,227

Point source pollution3.1611.22,268

Pathogens3.0913.42,290

Cyanotoxins3.0910.02,105

Disinfection byproducts3.099.12,267

Nutrients3.0810.02,201

Perchlorate2.896.62,064

Arsenic2.826.62,194

Radionuclides2.767.42,082

©AWWA 2021 State of the Water Industry

"I served on the AWWA Board of Directors when the National Drinking Water

Advisory Council gave the EPA the

recommendation to include lead service line removal as part of the Lead and

Copper Rule (LCR) update. As a board,

we endorsed the recommendation. Here in Green Bay, we put together a plan of action to remove every lead service line - public and private - over the course by collaborating with our city, state, and federal governments."

Nancy Quirk, General Manager,

Green Bay Water Utility

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Managing and protecting water resources

Utilities making inroads in supply and quality

Survey participants rated several issues related to water resources management as important challenges in the water sector. These included:

Long-term water supply availability, No. 3

Watershed/source water protection, No. 6

Groundwater management and overuse, No. 10

LONG-TERM WATER SUPPLY

When asked how prepared their utility will be to meet its long-term water supply needs, the responses of utility participants indicated:

92% think their utility is moderately, very or fully

prepared to meet long-term water supply needs This result is promising because just 8% indicated their organization would be challenged to meet demands, down from 12% in the 2020 and 2019 SOTWI reports. The breakdown of responses is shown in the

PROTECTING DRINKING WATER QUALITY

contamination is protecting the source from potential risks and impacts. A strong source water protection program can be one of the most cost-effective methods for maintaining, safeguarding and improving the qualityquotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20

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